甘薯蛋白和肽成分、生物活性及其提取工艺的研究进展  

Progress of the Composition,Biological Activity and Extraction Technology of Sweet Potato Protein and Peptide

作　　者：许微 孔庆富 王学强 李广华 彭立增 彭春娥 XU Wei;KONG Qingfu;WANG Xueqiang;LI Guanghua;PENG Lizeng;PENG Chune(Institute of Food&Nutrition Science and Technology,Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Jinan 250100,China;Sishui Lifeng Food Co.,Ltd.,Jining 273215,China)

机构地区：[1]山东省农业科学院农产品加工与营养研究所,山东济南250100 [2]泗水利丰食品有限公司,山东济宁273215

出　　处：《食品工业科技》2024年第24期377-386,共10页Science and Technology of Food Industry

基　　金：中央引导地方科技发展资金(YDZX2022151);国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(32101035);山东省自然科学基金(ZR2021QC025)。

摘　　要：甘薯是一种重要的农作物,其蛋白和肽资源具有较大的开发潜力。甘薯蛋白包括甘薯贮藏蛋白和糖蛋白,其中甘薯贮藏蛋白占主导地位,糖蛋白含量较少,经酶解或化学水解可得到不同分子量的甘薯肽。甘薯蛋白和肽富含18种人体所需氨基酸,氨基酸多样的组成结构赋予其独特的营养价值和生物活性,在预防和治疗癌症、高血压、肥胖等疾病上发挥重要作用。我国大部分甘薯用于生产淀粉、粉丝等食品,生产过程中产生大量废水造成环境污染,而且浪费了其中丰富的蛋白资源,因此废浆水中甘薯蛋白的提取和应用十分重要。目前提取纯化甘薯蛋白和肽,常用的方法包括碱提酸沉法、酶解法和超滤法等,这些方法效果显著,但技术仍需不断优化和创新来提高提取率和纯度,以满足各领域需求。未来研究可结合现代生物技术和信息技术手段深入探讨甘薯蛋白和肽结构与功能的关系,发掘其更多生物活性和应用潜力。该文系统综述了甘薯蛋白和肽的组成结构、理化性质、提取纯化和生物活性等方面的研究现状,以期为其工业生产提供可靠依据,推动甘薯蛋白和肽的可持续发展。Sweet potato is an important crop,and rich in protein and peptide which have great development potential.Sweet potato protein mainly includes dominant storage protein and small amount glycoprotein,different molecular weight sweet potato peptide can be obtained from protein by enzymatic or chemical hydrolysis.Sweet potato protein and peptide contain 18 types of amino acids that are essential for human body,and its diverse composition of amino acids provides unique nutritional value and its biological activity possess prominent role in the prevention and treatment of cancer,hypertension,obesity and other diseases.Sweet potato is usually used to produce starch,vermicellis and other foods,whereas,huge wastewater was produced during the production process,causing environmental pollution and wastage of protein resource.Therefore,the extraction and application of sweet potato protein from waste water is crucial.Currently,effective extraction and purification methods of sweet potato protein and peptide are commonly used,such as alkaline extraction and acid precipitation,enzymatic digestion,ultrafiltration and so on,but still need optimization and innovation to improve the extraction rate and purity to meet the needs of various fields.Future research can combine modern biotechnology and information technology to study the structure-function relationship,and explore more biological activities and application potentials of sweet potato protein and peptide.The current research status of sweet potato protein and peptide are reviewed in terms of structure composition,physicochemical properties,extraction,purification and biological activity in this paper.This review provides a reliable basis for the industrial production of sweet potato protein and peptide,and promotes the sustainable development of sweet potato protein and peptide.

关 键 词：甘薯蛋白 甘薯肽 生物活性 糖蛋白 提取 

分 类 号：TS201.2[轻工技术与工程—食品科学]