从教书匠到教育家:教师师德的主体性建构  

From Pedagogue to Educator:the Construction of Subjectivity in Teachers’Ethics

作　　者：闫领楠 杨雁茹 Yan Lingnan;Yang Yanru(Central China Normal University,Wuhan430079)

机构地区：[1]华中师范大学教育学院,武汉430079

出　　处：《当代教育论坛》2024年第6期114-121,共8页forum on contemporary education

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费资助项目“大学生中华民族共同体意识的形成机理与路径研究”(编号:2023CXZZ058);“传统生态伦理视域下的学校文化建设研究”(编号:2023CXZZ056)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：师德是教师哲学独有的范畴,是教师对“何以为师、何以育人”问题的概括性回答。教师作为能动的个体,是师德建构的主体性力量。从主体性哲学视角审视教师师德的养成与建构规律,是避免主体师德“异化”及其责任使命“旁落”的关键。主体性视域下的教师师德建构是作为个体的教师自主成长的过程,它指向教师实践性的生命体验,体现了教师对“无私为他”纯粹伦理的追求,是教师获得整全生命意义的价值性活动。教师师德的主体性建构需要经过作为教书匠的“自我”完善、身为教育者的“超我”转型,才能最终抵达成为教育家的“忘我”之境。这一过程中无不映射着教师这一群体对自我主体性的追寻。基于此,应以激活教师主体自觉、实施具身体认的师德实践、建构交互性的平等师生关系、强化他者责任等为着力点,不断强化教师德性的主体性“修炼”,以促进其“修身”的实践转化。Teachers’ethics is a unique category of teachers’philosophy,which is a generalized answer to the question of“what to be a teacher and what to educate people”.Teachers,as dynamic individuals,are the subjective force in the construction of teacher ethics.From the philosophical perspective of subjectivity to examine the law of teacher moral development and construction,is the key to avoid the subject of teacher moral“alienation”and its responsibility and mission“fall by the wayside”.The construction of teacher ethics in the field of subjectivity is the process of autonomous growth of the teacher as an individual,which points to the practical life experience of the teacher,embodies the teacher’s pursuit of the pure ethic of“selflessness for the sake of others”,and is the value of the teacher’s activities to obtain the meaning of the whole life.The subjective construction of teachers’ethics needs to go through the“self”perfection of being a pedagogue and the“superego”transformation of being an educator before finally arriving at the“selflessness”of becoming an educator.This process is a reflection of the“self”perfection and“superego”transformation of an educator.This process is always mapped on the teachers as a group of self-subjectivity of the search.Based on this,we should activate teachers’subjective self-consciousness,implement the practice of teacher ethics with physical recognition,construct interactive and equal teacher-student relationships,and strengthen the responsibility of the other,in order to continuously strengthen the subjective“cultivation”of teachers’virtues,and to continuously strengthen the teacher’s moral integrity and promote the transformation of the practice of“cultivating the body”.

关 键 词：主体性理论 师德建构 教育家精神 

分 类 号：G451[文化科学—教育学]