理气合一:朱子“天地之心”思想新探  

The Unity of Li(理)and Qi(气):A New Exploration of Zhu Xi's Thought of the“Mind of Heaven and Earth”(天地之心)

作　　者：翟奎凤 Zhai Kuifeng

机构地区：[1]南京大学哲学学院暨东方哲学与宗教文化研究中心,江苏南京210023

出　　处：《江西社会科学》2024年第10期28-39,F0002,205,206,共15页Jiangxi Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“《易传》与宋明理学话语体系建构研究”(22BZX051)。

摘　　要：朱子中年时主要从生生不息、没有间断、不离阳气的角度讲天地之心,此不息之天地之心也就是仁体的流行无间;晚年朱子更多结合邵雍《冬至吟》一诗强调于一阳来复时天地之心最为亲切显著,但以一阳来复作为周期生生的起点是关联着复卦而言,体现的是十二辟卦卦气说,此与元亨利贞之仁说模式在一元的起点上有不一致处,当朱子说“利贞”时天地之心尤为显明,这与“复见天地之心”的说法是不协调的。朱子对邵雍过于强调阴阳动静之间转换的宇宙论立场也有微词,他更倾心于周敦颐、程颐的体用论立场。“心”兼具主宰与流行义,天地之心是“于穆不已”的天命流行,自在无为,是无心之心,同时又有理主宰于其中,使得天地运行有条不紊。天地之心是理气合一的仁体,既是生生之理,也是一元之气。In his middle years,Zhu Xi primarily discussed the“Mind of Heaven and Earth”from the perspectives of ceaseless generation,uninterrupted continuity and the pervasive presence of Yang Qi(阳气).This endless“Mind of Heaven and Earth”corresponds to the perpetual movement of Humanity-substance(仁体).In his later years,Zhu Xi integrated Shao Yong's“Winter Solstice Chant(冬至吟)”to emphasize that the Mind of Heaven and Earth becomes intimate and significant when the first Yang Qi came back to the world.But the first Yang Qi came back to the world as the starting point of the cycle of production and reproduction is related to the Fu Hexagram(■),which reflects the theory of Twelve Pi Gua(十二辟卦).This pattern is different from the Humanity in Supremacy,Success,Potentiality and Perseverance(Yuan Heng Li Zhen,元亨利贞)at the starting point of Yi Yuan(一元).Zhu Xi's assertion that the Mind of Heaven and Earth becomes obvious in the juncture of Potentiality and Perseverance is incongruous with the claim that the Mind of Heaven and Earth is displayed in the Fu Hexagram(■).Zhu Xi expressed reservations about Shao Yong's cosmology,which stresses the dynamic transformation between Yin and Yang and the alternation between motion and stillness,and he gravitated more toward the theories of Zhou Dunyi(周敦颐)and Cheng Yi(程颐)on Substance and Function(体用).In Zhu Xi's philosophy,“mind”encompasses both governance and circulation;the“Mind of Heaven and Earth”represents the solemn and perpetual flow of Heaven's Will(天命),naturally self-sustaining and unaffected by human intention,while simultaneously ordering the world under the dominion of Li.This“Mind of Heaven and Earth”exemplifies the unity of Li and Qi,embodying both the principle of generation and the original Qi of the cosmos.

关 键 词：天地之心 生生 仁 理气 流行 

分 类 号：B2[哲学宗教—中国哲学]