基于多源流模型的日本地方教育行政变革研究  

An Analysis of the Transformation of Japan's Local Educational Administration through the Multiple Streams Model

作　　者：翟一达 ZHAI Yida(China-Japan Sociological Society,Beijing 100732,China)

机构地区：[1]中日社会学会,北京100732

出　　处：《复旦教育论坛》2024年第5期113-120,共8页Fudan Education Forum

摘　　要：二战后,日本建立起了以教育委员会为核心的地方教育行政制度,但教育委员会在实践中屡屡遭受批评,日本部分教育学专家、国会议员甚至提出废除该制度。2014年6月,日本国会通过了《地方教育行政法修正案》,对地方教育行政制度进行了重大变革,教育委员会的独立性被削弱,更容易受到地方行政首长的影响。教育委员会改革在日本经历了数十年的争议却举步维艰,为何能够在2014年取得制度变革的突破性进展?本文运用公共政策学的多源流模型理论,从教育委员会制度变革的问题源流、政策源流、政治源流、政策企业家和政策窗口等5个方面,分析了2014年日本地方教育行政制度变革中的关键因素,揭示出日本保守主义政治主导的教育行政制度变革的特色。这些特点反映了日本政治家以回应民意诉求为理由,实质上成功实现了政治干预教育的制度改造。日本地方教育行政制度的变革对日本未来的政治发展将产生深远影响。Following World War II,Japan established the board of education as a local administrative agency of education.However,its practice was less than satisfactory,and the public criticized it for a long time.Experts in Japanese pedagogy and members of the Japanese National Diet even proposed the abolition of the system.In June 2014,the National Diet of Japan passed the Amendment Bill to the Administrative Law of Local Education,which made fundamental changes to the educational administration system.The Amendment Bill reduced the autonomy of the board of education from the executive heads and made it more susceptible to the policies of the dominant political parties.The administration's reform of local education has been debated for decades.Why was a breakthrough in the transformation of the education administration possible in 2014?Using the multiple streams model,this study analyzes the five key factors in the transformation of Japan's local education administration in 2014,including the problem stream,policy stream,political stream,policy entrepreneurs,and policy window.The analysis reveals the characteristics of the educational administration transformation led by Japanese conservative political forces.These characteristics indicate that politicians have successfully achieved interference in education under the pretext of responding to popular demands.The political development of Japan will be significantly impacted by the administration's transformation of local education.

关 键 词：政策窗口 多源流模型 教育行政 教育变革 政策议程 

分 类 号：G531.3[文化科学—教育学]