从语言与言说的关系看汉语的思维特征  

The Thinking Mode of Chinese Language:A Study from the Perspective of Language and Utterance Relationship

作　　者：沈顺福[1] Shen Shunfu(Advanced Institute for Confucian Studies,Shangdong University,Jinan 250100,China)

机构地区：[1]山东大学易学与中国古代哲学暨儒学高等研究院,济南250100

出　　处：《复旦学报（社会科学版）》2024年第6期26-35,共10页Fudan Journal（Social Sciences）

基　　金：山东大学中华民族现代文明建设研究计划“儒学与中国式现代化的观念建设”(项目批准号:24RWZX04)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：言说即思维,语言观即思维观。基于模仿机制的汉语言乃是对言说对象的描述,动词描述了某个动作,名词描述了某种现象。动词所描述的动作乃是某种非形式化的活动,未被经验形式化,因此是超越经验的存在。名词所描述的对象是静态的事物,即,对事物存在的形式化与经验化。语法也是一种经验的形式化载体。名词与语法概念乃是对某种存在的经验化或形式化,其内容是经验性存在。动名词分别等语法形式不仅体现了人们的语言观,而且反映了思维的哲学立场。相反,不分动名词的现象体现了中国古人出于自然立场的思维观,即对超越的思维与悬置后的思想不加区别,从而忽略了思维进程中的转折。Utterance is thinking;the view of language is a view of thinking.Chinese which is coined according to imitation is a description of object.Verb describes acts and noun describes phenomena.The object of verb refers to some occurring which is before experience,hence is formless and transcendent.Noun refers something which is still the outcome of experience and formalization.Grammar is outcome of formalizing experience.Noun and grammar are based upon experience,and their contents belong to experience.The distinction of noun from verb reflects its philosophical attitude of language and thinking.On the contrary,the indifference of the two reflects its natural attitude of thinking which confuses the transcendent phase with the epoche perceptions and ignores the turning of thinking process.

关 键 词：汉语 动词 名词 语法 

分 类 号：H1[语言文字—汉语] B2[哲学宗教—中国哲学]