从正确理性到上帝之爱——论奥古斯丁对斯多亚学派德性观的改造  

From Correct Reason to God's Love:On Augustine's Adaptation of Stoic Virtues

作　　者：贺腾 He Teng(School of Philosophy,Fudan University,Shanghai 200433,China)

机构地区：[1]复旦大学哲学学院,上海200433

出　　处：《复旦学报（社会科学版）》2024年第6期36-45,共10页Fudan Journal（Social Sciences）

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目“希腊及拉丁视域下的奥利金与奥古斯丁意志论研究”(项目批准号:24YJC72005)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：学界普遍认为,由于奥古斯丁在其德性论中引入了恩典的概念,这使得他的德性观与古代传统德性论有所不同,并由此引发了“异教徒是否具有德性”的争论。本文将以奥古斯丁对斯多亚学派德性论的批评和改造为例,探讨他对古代德性论的态度。我们将指出,尽管奥古斯丁的德性思想深受斯多亚学派的影响,但在其思想成熟期,他对这种影响进行了反思和改造。一方面,奥古斯丁的批评主要集中在反对斯多亚学派“德性自足性”的观念以及强调人类意志的软弱性。他认为,如果德性缺乏超越性的指向,尘世的德性将永远无法实现完满的幸福。另一方面,奥古斯丁将德性从以理性为中心转向以爱为中心。爱具有超越性的指向,又与共同体的生活息息相关。基于爱,奥古斯丁在新柏拉图主义的框架下重新定义了尘世德性与末世德性。在这一视角下,德性不仅仅是通过理性训练形成的心灵状态,更重要的是有正确的动机和目标。By introducing grace into his virtue theory,Augustine departs from traditional ancient virtue ethics,leading to a debate about whether pagan virtues are true virtues.Analyzing Augustine's critique and adaptation of Stoic virtue theory,this paper will explore Augustine's attitude toward ancient ethics.Despite Augustine's heavy reliance on the Stoics in his theory of virtue,this paper argues that he critically revised this influence in his later works.On one hand,Augustine's critique centers on rejecting the Stoic idea of the self-sufficiency of virtue and highlighting the fragility of the human will.He argues that without a transcendent focus,virtue in the earthly realm cannot lead to complete happiness.On the other hand,Augustine emphasizes the virtue of love over reason.Love holds a central place that is both transcendent and deeply tied to communal life.Through a Neoplatonic lens,Augustine redefines both earthly and eschatological virtues in terms of love.From this view,virtue is not just a state of the soul shaped by rational training,but more crucially,it depends on having properly directed motives and goals.

关 键 词：奥古斯丁 斯多亚学派 德性 爱 

分 类 号：B503.1[哲学宗教—外国哲学]