本质直观如何影响了作为方法的教育现象学——兼论教育现象学方法与质性研究的关系  

How does Essential Intuition Affect Educational Phenomenology as a Method?The Relationship between Educational Phenomenological Methods and Qualitative Research

作　　者：刘志忠 LIU Zhizhong(Education Research Institute of Jiangxi Normal University,Nanchang 330022,China)

机构地区：[1]江西师范大学教育研究院,南昌330022

出　　处：《教育学报》2024年第6期48-59,共12页Journal of Educational Studies

基　　金：国家社科基金2023年度教育学一般课题“大学跨学科研究空间的理论逻辑与生产路径研究”(BIA230203)。

摘　　要：作为现象学方法的重中之重,本质直观影响了作为方法的教育现象学的方法论、研究方式和具体方法。在方法论层面,本质直观因为设定了“物自体本质”和“归纳本质”之外的第三种本质(体验)的合法性,从而为教育现象学方法论奠定了基础。在研究方式层面,本质直观规约着教育现象学方法的研究框架和研究程序,所以尽管教育现象学方法在具体操作层面必须由“立义”转为“释义”,但这改变不了本质直观之于教育现象学研究方式的奠基性。在这种视域下,教育现象学方法由于得到“释义”的加持,使得内涵大为充实。这种获得内涵充实的教育现象学方法事实上是所谓质性研究之下诸多方法的本原,其与质性研究的关系实质上是“实”与“虚”的关系。在具体方法层面,作为教育现象学具体方法的描述可以溯源于本质直观,正是本质直观对描述的“切入”“路向”“呈现”等方面的影响,才使得教育现象学方法的描述成为具有标识性的深描。As the top priority of phenomenological methods,it fundamentally and intuitively influences the methodology,approach and research skill of educational phenomenology as a method.At the methodological level,essential intuition lays the foundation for the methodology of educational phenomenology by establishing the legitimacy of a third essence(experience)beyond the“essence of things in themselves”and“inductive essence”.At the level of approach,essential intuition determines the research framework and research procedures of educational phenomenological methods.Therefore,although educational phenomenological methods must shift from“establishing meaning”to“interpreting meaning”at the specific operational level,this cannot change the foundational nature of essential intuition in educational phenomenological research methods.In this perspective,the phenomenological methods of education,with the support of“interpretation”,have greatly enriched their connotations.This educational phenomenological method of obtaining rich connotations is actually the origin of many methods under the so-called qualitative research,and its relationship with qualitative research is essentially a relationship between“reality”and“virtuality”.At the level of research skill,the description of phenomenological methods in education can be traced back to essential intuition.It is precisely the influence of essential intuition on the“entry”,“direction”,and“presentation”of description that makes the description of phenomenological methods in education a distinctive and in-depth description.

关 键 词：本质直观 教育现象学 质性研究 方法论 研究方式 

分 类 号：G40[文化科学—教育学原理]