西北地区各牧场中嗜冷微生物多样性研究  

Analysis of microbial diversity of psychrophilic bacteria in different pastures in Northwest China

作　　者：祁腾 张凤 韩英 赵丽娟 尹蔓妮 陈伟 张清平 QI Teng;ZHANG Feng;HAN Ying;ZHAO Lijuan;YIN Manni;CHEN Wei;ZHANG Qingping(Technical Center of Chongqing Tianyou Dairy Co.Ltd.,Chongqing 401120,China;National Center of Technology Innovation for Dairy,Hohhot,010000,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆市天友乳业股份有限公司技术中心,重庆401120 [2]国家乳业技术创新中心,呼和浩特010000

出　　处：《中国乳品工业》2024年第12期23-29,共7页China Dairy Industry

基　　金：国家乳业技术创新中心项目(2022-开放性课题-26)。

摘　　要：为了解不同牧场中环境与生牛乳中嗜冷菌菌群结构变化的关系和嗜冷菌微生物多样性,将采自西北地区规模化牧场中饲草、卧床、挤奶杯、牛乳头涂抹和生牛乳的20个样本,通过传统分离培养方法和16S rRNA测序技术相结合,分析牧场环境与生牛乳的菌群结构变化关系和嗜冷菌的多样性。结果表明,20个样本通过传统分离培养方法,共鉴定到42个属93个种,其中假单胞菌属、乳球菌属、不动杆菌属、金黄杆菌属和葡萄球菌属是占比较高的属,嗜冷菌的平均浓度为3.81 log10 CFU/mL。20个样本通过16S rRNA测序分析共注释到33门、98纲、234目、468科、1214属和2112种,微生物多样性丰度前10的优势属分别为芽胞杆菌属、黄杆菌属、产碱杆菌属、棒状杆菌属、乳杆菌属、假单胞菌属、耐盐杆菌属、短杆菌属、假面神菌属和罗姆布茨菌属。嗜冷菌的浓度和微生物多样性与牧场环境卫生密切相关,为牧场建立在源头上控制生牛乳中嗜冷菌措施提供理论依据。In order to understand the relationship between the environment in different pastures and the structural changes of psychrophilic bacteria flora and microbial diversity of psychrophilic bacteria in raw milk,20 samples from forage,lying bed,milking cup,teat smear and raw milk in large-scale pastures in Northwest China were analyzed by combining traditional isolation culture methods and microbial diversity sequencing to analyze the relationship between the environment in pastures and the structural changes of flora and diversity of psychrophilic bacteria in raw milk.The results showed that a total of 42 genera and 93 species were identified in the 20 samples by traditional isolation and culture methods,among which Pseudomonas,Lactococcus,Acinetobacter,Chryseobacterium and Staphylococcus were the more predominant genera,and the average concentration of psychrophilic bacteria was 3.81 log10 CFU/mL.20 samples were annotated by 16S rRNA microbial diversity sequencing to 33 phyla,98 classes,234 orders,468 families,1214 genera and 2112 species.The top 10 dominant genera in microbial diversity abundance were Bacillus,Flavobacterium,Alcaligene,Corynebacterium,Lactobacillus,Pseudomonas,Halobacter,Brevibac-terium,Janibacter,and Romboutsia,respectively.The concentration and microbial diversity of psychrophilic bacteria were closely related to the environmental hygiene of the farm,providing a theoretical basis for establishing measures to control psychrophilic bacteria in raw milk at the source.

关 键 词：嗜冷菌 生牛乳 牧场 微生物多样性 

分 类 号：TS201.3[轻工技术与工程—食品科学]