宋代“士人茶”的审美风貌:环境、技艺、理念  

The Aesthetic Features of ″Scholar-tea″ in the Song Dynasty: Environment, Techniques, and Concepts

作　　者：李想[1] LI Xiang(The College of Literature and Journalism,Sichuan University,Chengdu,Sichuan 610207,China)

机构地区：[1]四川大学文学与新闻学院,四川成都610207

出　　处：《广州大学学报(社会科学版)》2025年第1期77-87,共11页Journal of Guangzhou University:Social Science Edition

摘　　要：在宋代,士人是茶文化的主体,“士人茶”的审美风貌也就成为茶美学的最佳表征。“士人茶”的品赏环境主要有酒席宴会、庭院堂阁、皇家宫廷、山林僧舍四类,其审美特点分别是欢艳、闲雅、精贵、清趣。“士人茶”的品赏技艺有坚守简朴、古意盎然的煎茶,追求精致、色香味绝妙的点茶,以及看重竞胜和表演之美的斗茶、分茶。其中,煎茶重“俭”,点茶重“雅”,斗茶、分茶重“玩”,共同构成了“士人茶”的品赏理念。宋代士人受到朝廷和市民审美趣味的双重影响,也就将朝廷的精雅之美和市民的俗乐之美都融入传统廉俭思想中,共同塑造了“士人茶”多元而独特的审美风貌。In the Song Dynasty,scholars were the principal part of tea culture,and the aesthetic features of″scholar-tea″thus became the optimal representation of tea aesthetics.The appreciation environments of″scholar-tea″mainly consist of four categories:feasts and banquets,courtyards and pavilions,imperial courts,and mountain-forest monasteries,with their aesthetic traits being jubilant and colorful,leisurely and elegant,exquisite and noble,and pure and delightful respectively.The appreciation techniques of″scholar-tea″include Jiancha,which adheres to simplicity and is imbued with an ancient charm,Diancha,which pursues delicacy and has superb color,aroma,and taste,and Tocha and Fencha,which value the beauty of competition and performance.Among them,Jiancha emphasizes″thriftiness″,Diancha emphasizes″elegance″,and Tōcha and Fencha emphasize″amusement″,jointly constituting the appreciation concept of″scholar-tea″.Influenced by the aesthetic tastes of the court and the common people,Song-Dynasty scholars incorporated the refined beauty of the court and the popular beauty of the common people into the traditional thrifty ideology,jointly shaping the diverse and unique aesthetic style of″scholar-tea″.

关 键 词：宋代 茶 士人 “士人茶” 审美 

分 类 号：TS971.21[轻工技术与工程]