经权之辨:儒家在法典化问题上的道德智慧  

The Constant and the Temporary:Confucian Moral Wisdom on Codification

作　　者：吴先伍[1] Wu Xianwu

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学公共管理学院哲学系,江苏南京210023

出　　处：《中原文化研究》2025年第1期32-39,共8页The Central Plains Culture Research

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“伦理学知识体系的当代中国重建”(2019ZDA033)。

摘　　要：功利主义和义务论主张道德法典化,认为道德应该借助道德原则和道德规范为人们提供决策程序和行为指南,而美德伦理学则拒绝道德法典化,认为法典化忽视了人的品格因素。儒家的“执经用权”则为解决道德法典化问题提供了一种调和模式:“执经”就意味着通过道德原则来制定系统的道德规范,为人们提供行为指南;“用权”则强调道德规范的局限性,人们不能拘泥于道德规范,而是需要发挥人们的主动性,根据实际情况进行适当的变通,从而在道德法典化的同时为人们保存了自由的空间。“执经”意味着仁道原则的坚定性,这是对人性尊严的捍卫;“用权”强调了现实的复杂多样性,肯定了存在的现实性,两者的综合实现了特殊的个体存在与普遍人性的结合。Utilitarianism and Deontology advocate for the codification of ethics,asserting ethics should provide a decision-making procedure and an action guidance with the help of moral principles and rules.In contrast,virtue ethics insists that ethics is uncodifiable,arguing that codification neglects human character.Confucianism provides a conciliatory mode to solve the problem of codification through its principle of“following the constant and adopting the temporary”.The concept of“following the constant”means to formulate systematic moral rules through moral principles and provide action guidance for people;“adopting the temporary”emphasizes the limitations of moral rules.Instead of adhering to moral rules,people need to use their subjective initiative and adapt rules to the actual situation,so as to preserve the freedom for people while codifying morality.“Following the constant”means the steadfastness of the principle of humanity,which is the defense of human dignity.“Adopting the temporary”emphasizes the complex diversity of reality,affirming the reality of existence.The integration balances special individual existence and universal human nature.

关 键 词：执经用权 法典化 仁道原则 道德规范 

分 类 号：B82[哲学宗教—伦理学]