汉语二语学习者动词语义范畴构建过程研究——以“喜欢”为例  

A study on the process of constructing semantic categories of verbs for CSL learners:Taking xihuan(喜欢)as an example

作　　者：闫亚亚 邢红兵[2] YAN Yaya;XING Hongbing

机构地区：[1]暨南大学华文学院/国家语委海外华语研究中心 [2]北京语言大学国际学生教育政策与评价研究院

出　　处：《华文教学与研究》2025年第1期80-91,共12页TCSOL Studies

基　　金：北京语言大学一流学科团队支持计划项目“语言测试与教育评价研究”(2023YJC02);世界汉语教学学会2023年中青年学术创新项目“‘把’字句对动词选择频率关系的汉语二语习得过程研究”(SH23Y12)。

摘　　要：本文以全句为窗口,参照《同义词词林》对现代汉语和中介语语料库中动词“喜欢”的共现词的语义范畴进行了对比分析,并抽样考察了汉语二语学习者语义范畴构建的发展过程。结果显示:(1)和目的语者相比,二语者构建语义范畴表现为语义类的窄化和选用词语的集中化;(2)语义范畴的构建随汉语水平的提升而呈现鲜明的发展特点,具体表现为:语义范畴的多样性、丰富度、匹配度和符号化都随着汉语水平的提升而提高,但发展到某个阶段会出现“化石化现象”;不同水平侧重于不同位语义范畴的构建,初中级以高位语义范畴的构建为主,中高级则主要表现为具体词类的扩展;(3)二语者构建语义范畴的丰富度和匹配度并非正相关,在语义概念一致性相对较高的中类范畴上,匹配度和丰富度表现一致,在差异较大的低位范畴词群上,匹配度明显低于丰富度,即语义符号化是二语者习得汉语地道性的主要影响因素,也是词汇习得的难点。This study,taking full-sentences as the window and with reference to Chinese Thesaurus,compares the cooccurrence of semantic categories of the verb xihuan(喜欢)in modern Chinese and in the interlanguage corpus,and investigates the construction and development of semantic categories by CSL learners.The results show that:(1)as compared with the target language,the construction of semantic categories by CSL learners is characterized by the narrowing of semantic categories and the concentration of chosen words;(2)the construction of semantic categories shows distinct developmental characteristics with the improvement of Chinese language proficiency,specifically the semantic diversity,semantic richness,semantic matching and semantic symbolization,all of which increase along with the improvement of Chinese language proficiency,but at a certain stage of development,the“fossilization phenomenon”appears;(3)the richness and matching of the semantic categories constructed by CSL learners are not positively correlated;the middle categories,which are the categories with relatively high semantic conceptual consistency,have a consistent matching and richness performance,while as for the lower category word groups with large differences,their matching is significantly lower than their richness,i.e.,semantic symbolization is the main influence on bilinguals'acquisition of Chinese.In other words,semantic symbolization is the main factor influencing the acquisition of Chinese as well as the difficulty of vocabulary acquisition.

关 键 词：二语习得 全句共现 中介语对比分析 词汇知识 语义范畴 

分 类 号：H195.3[语言文字—汉语]