停科举与新出路:清末首次归国留学生考试  

The Abolition of the Imperial Examinations and a New Way Out:The First Examination for Returned Overseas Graduates in the Late Qing Dynasty

作　　者：王艺纯 WANG Yichun(Fudan University,Shanghai 200433,China)

机构地区：[1]复旦大学,上海200433

出　　处：《中国考试》2025年第2期102-110,共9页journal of China Examinations

摘　　要：光绪三十一年(1905年),清廷举行首次归国留学生考试,旨在探索停科举背景下的新式人才选拔方式。通过梳理此次考试的缘起、章程、考查内容、流程设计及选用形式发现,该考试仍保留了较多科举属性,实际操作中存在的不公正现象和制度缺陷导致最终成效不佳,尤其是考试是否重“实学”以及“所用非所学”的问题引发了舆论广泛争议。此次考试作为我国近代科举制度向新式人才选拔制度过渡的重要尝试,为如今留学人才的选用提供了有益历史镜鉴。In 1905,the Qing court conducted the first examination for returning overseas graduates to explore a new way of selecting talents in the context of abolishing the imperial examination system.An analysis of the origin,regulations,examination content,process design,and selection form of the exam revealed that the examination still retained many attributes of the imperial examination.Additionally,issues of unfairness and institutional defects during its implementation led to disappointing outcomes.In particular,the debate over the emphasis on“practical learning”versus“engaging in occupations unrelated to one's field of study”sparked widespread controversy.This examination represented an important attempt to transition from the imperial examination system to a new talent selection system in modern China,offering valuable historical insights for the selection of overseas talents today.

关 键 词：留学生 考试 奖励出身 实学 人才选拔 

分 类 号：G405[文化科学—教育学原理]