人民主权的困难——重思卢梭人民主权理论的预备工作  

The Difficulties of Popular Sovereignty:Preliminaries to Rethinking Rousseau's Theory of Popular Sovereignty

作　　者：张大伟 Zhang Dawei

机构地区：[1]北京大学哲学系·宗教学系

出　　处：《哲学门》2024年第2期35-49,共15页Beida Journal of Philosophy

摘　　要：晚近以来,政治思想史学界对于人民主权的关注,一般偏向从历史的视角探索这一学说的构成线索。这一历史学的研究工作,忽视了人民主权作为一个理论对象,直到在卢梭的政治哲学中才获得其最终的证成。近代政治思想虽然存在强烈的人民政治倾向,但却始终无法实现人民和主权的内在结合。这一理论事实暗示,人民主权学说存在着一些重大的理论困难。这些困难围绕人民的性格、人民统一体的建立条件以及人民整体与个体的优先性等问题展开。结合近代政治思想的核心理论线索,分析这些理论困难的意涵和性质,构成了我们重思卢梭人民主权理论的先决条件。人民主权学说面临的诸多困难,揭示了近代政治思想分解传统和构造传统的核心面向。In recent years,attention to popular sovereignty in the historiography of political thought has generally been biased towards exploring the constitutive threads of this doctrine from a historical perspective.This historiographical endeavour has neglected the fact that as a theoretical object,popular sovereignty had not received its ultimate justification until in the political philosophy of Rousseau.Modern political thought,despite the presence of a strong popular political tendency,has never been able to realize the intrinsic union of people and sovereignty.This theoretical fact implies that there are some major theoretical difficulties with the doctrine of popular sovereignty.These difficulties revolve around the character of the people,the conditions for the establishment of the unity of the people,and the priority of the people as a whole versus the individual.Analyzing the meaning and nature of these theoretical difficulties in relation to the central theoretical threads of modern political thought constitutes a prerequisite for our rethinking of the doctrine of popular sovereignty.The many difficulties faced by the doctrine of popular sovereignty reveal the core orientation of modern political thought in breaking down the tradition and reconstructing it.

关 键 词：人民主权 性格 统一体 个体 优先性 

分 类 号：D091[政治法律—政治学] B565.26[哲学宗教—外国哲学]