错误的身份?奥拉达·艾奎亚诺、多明戈斯·阿尔瓦雷斯和海外非裔研究的方法论挑战  

Mistaken Identities?Olaudah Equiano,DomingosÁlvares,and the Methodological Challenges of Studying the African Disapora

作　　者：詹姆斯·H斯威特 廖平(译) James H.Sweet

机构地区：[1]威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校 [2]牛津大学历史系

出　　处：《海洋史研究》2024年第2期134-167,共34页Studies of Maritime History

基　　金：美国国家人文学科基金会;美国国家人文中心及三角研究基金会的沃尔特·海因斯·佩奇奖学金;威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校研究生院;得克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校历史研究所的慷慨支持

摘　　要：关于以往的非裔大西洋史研究,学者们会将非洲人多变的身份认同问题,以欧洲人惯用的分类思维,视作“前后矛盾”或“发明”的产物进行分析。事实上,通过考察奥拉达·艾奎亚诺、安东尼奥,特别是多明戈斯·阿尔瓦雷斯的个人生命历程不难发现,长期的不稳定让非洲人的群体“归属”比其他大西洋世界的人更加模糊,那些最机灵、见过世面最多的非洲人会认真观察他们的周遭环境,驾轻就熟地编造自己的群体身份,好让他们可以在大西洋世界生存、反抗,甚至发达。通过勾勒出一个人一生中的身份变化,可以更加清晰地聚焦在导致群体形成的动态过程,或许可以抛弃那些死死盯着“族裔”和“国族”标签本身的老套争论,呈现一种对非洲形态的亲属关系、记忆和认识论更加包容的大西洋史叙事。Regarding past research on African American Atlantic history,scholars will use the classification thinking commonly used by Europeans to analyze the ever-changing identity issues of Africans as a product of“contradictions”or“inventions”.In fact,it is not difficult to find that the long-term instability makes the group“belonging”of Africans more ambiguous than that of other people in the Atlantic world through the investigation of the personal life course of Olaudah Equiano,Antonio,especially DomingosÁlvares.The smartest and most experienced Africans will carefully observe their surroundings and skillfully fabricate their group identity,so that they can survive,resist,and even thrive in the Atlantic world.By outlining the changes in a person's identity throughout their lifetime,we can focus more clearly on the dynamic processes that lead to group formation,perhaps abandoning the stereotypical debates that fixate on the labels of“ethnicity”and“national race”themselves,and presenting a more inclusive narrative of Atlantic history towards African forms of kinship,memory,and epistemology.

关 键 词：非裔研究 身份认同 大西洋史 方法论 

分 类 号：G63[文化科学—教育学]