高速列车设备舱风-雪流试验可复现性探究及防积雪优化  

Research on Test Reproducibility of Wind⁃Snow Flow and Anti⁃snow Optimization in Equipment Cabin of High⁃speed Trains

作　　者：商雯斐 高广军[1,2,3] 汤鑫[1,2,3] 姜琛 SHANG Wenfei;GAO Guangjun;TANG Xin;JIANG Chen(State Key Laboratory of Heavy-duty and Express High-power Electric Locomotive,Central South University,Changsha 410075,China;National&Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Safety Technology for Rail Vehicle,Central South University,Changsha 410075,China;School of Traffic&Transportation Engineering,Central South University,Changsha 410075,China)

机构地区：[1]中南大学重载快捷大功率电力机车全国重点实验室,湖南长沙410075 [2]中南大学轨道交通列车安全保障技术国家地方联合工程研究中心,湖南长沙410075 [3]中南大学交通运输工程学院,湖南长沙410075

出　　处：《铁道学报》2025年第1期31-37,共7页Journal of the China Railway Society

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(12372204)。

摘　　要：为探究风-雪两相流风洞试验对高寒高速列车设备舱内雪粒进入与堆积现象的可复现性和增加滤网密度对设备舱防积雪性能的影响,基于某冰雪风洞试验台对某典型高寒高速列车全尺寸设备舱模型内进雪、积雪进行复现与对比试验研究。复现试验监控裙板进气格栅处的雪粒子流入及底板表面积雪情况,并与实车情况进行对比。对比试验采集了设备舱进气格栅、转向架牵引电机通风机处的气流流速及设备舱内的积雪分布与质量。试验结果表明:风-雪两相流风洞试验可以良好再现设备舱裙板处雪粒的进入,雪粒在舱内的自然下沉与堆积,积雪层随试验时长增加不断增厚,有效复现全尺寸设备舱内积雪情况;滤网密度增加对设备舱进气格栅及舱内通风机进、出风口处的气流流速影响较小,夏季高温条件下的设备正常进风无影响;在风-雪环境下,滤网密度增加有效缩短进入设备舱的雪粒子纵深迁移运动距离,对雪粒子入舱阻滞作用显著。高密度滤网可降低舱内迎风侧平均积雪厚度55.1%,舱内总积雪量减少66.3%。对裙板格栅滤网进行加密可有效提升设备舱防进雪性能,减少相关设备在冬季低温条件下的故障率。To investigate the reproducibility of wind⁃snow two⁃phase flow wind tunnel tests in simulating snow particle in⁃gress and accumulation within the equipment cabin of an anti⁃cold high⁃speed train,as well as the impact of increased filter density on the cabin’s snow protection,reproduction and comparative tests were conducted on a full⁃scale train’s equipment cabin model within the icing⁃snowing wind tunnel test bench.The reproduction test monitored the inflow of snow particles at the fairing grille and snow accumulation on the base plate surface,with comparisons drawn to the actual train.The comparison tests collected the airflow velocity at the grille and the motor ventilator,as well as the distribution and mass of snow within the cabin.The results indicate that the wind⁃snow two⁃phase flow wind tunnel test effectively re⁃produces the entry,natural settlement and accumulation of snow particles within the cabin,the snow layer progressively thickening as the test duration increases,and the effective reproduction of snow accumulation within the full⁃scale equip⁃ment cabin.An increase in filter density has a minimal impact on airflow velocity at the grille and the inlet and outlet of the ventilator within the cabin.It does not block the normal air intake during high summer temperatures.In windy and snowy environments,the increased filter density effectively reduces the longitudinal movement distance of snow particles entering the cabin,which means that the entry of snow particles is significantly hindered.The use of the high⁃density filter results in a 55.1%reduction in the average snow thickness on the windward side of the cabin and a 66.3%decrease in total snow mass within the cabin.Increasing the fairing grille filter density can substantially improve the snow⁃prevention performance of the equipment cabin and decrease the equipment’s failure rate during winter’s low temperatures.

关 键 词：高速列车 设备舱 全尺寸模型 冰雪风洞 防积雪优化 

分 类 号：U271[机械工程—车辆工程]