牛奶主要成分合成的重要调控因子和通路研究进展  

Research Progress on Important Regulatory Factors and Pathways for the Synthesis of Major Components in Milk

作　　者：家瑞科 陈傲 叶雯 王哲 孙东晓 韩博 JIA Ruike;CHEN Ao;YE Wen;WANG Zhe;SUN Dongxiao;HAN Bo(Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding,College of Animal Science and Technology,Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics,Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,National Engineering Laboratory of Animal Breeding,State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding,Beijing 100193,China;Beijing Jingwa Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Center,Beijing 101200,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学动物科学技术学院,农业农村部动物遗传育种与繁殖重点实验室,动物育种国家工程实验室,畜禽生物育种全国重点实验室,北京100193 [2]北京京瓦农业科技创新中心,北京101200

出　　处：《中国畜牧杂志》2025年第1期1-8,共8页Chinese Journal of Animal Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2021YFF1000700);国家自然科学基金(32072716);石家庄市重点研发计划(221500182A);北京市数字农业创新团队项目(BAIC10-2023);长江学者和创新团队发展计划(IRT_15R62);中国农业大学动物科学技术学院青年英才发展计划。

摘　　要：牛奶富含多种营养成分,是不可多得的优质营养来源,乳蛋白、乳脂、乳糖是其中的主要成分,也是人们最为关注的部分。这些成分几乎都由乳腺上皮细胞合成,虽然合成机制不同,但都受细胞中庞大而又复杂的调控网络影响。提高乳蛋白率和乳脂率一直是世界各国奶牛育种的重要目标,因此深入认识牛奶主要成分的合成与调控机制对于奶牛育种工作的开展有着重要的指导意义。本文综述了牛奶乳蛋白、乳脂和乳糖的合成机制及重要调控因子和通路的研究进展,为今后更好地解析乳蛋白、乳脂和乳糖的合成及调控机制及筛选可用于奶牛分子育种的基因提供参考。Milk is rich in various nutrients and is a rare source of high-quality nutrients.Milk protein,milk fat,and lactose are the main components and are also the most concerned parts.They are almost all synthesized by mammary epithelial cells.Although each has different synthesis mechanisms,they are all influenced by the large and complex regulatory network in the cells.Improving the milk protein and fat percentage has always been an important breeding goal for cows in various countries around the world.Therefore,a deep understanding of their synthesis and regulatory mechanisms is of great guiding significance for the development of breeding work.In this paper,we reviewed the research progress on the synthesis mechanisms of milk protein,milk fat,and lactose,as well as important regulatory factors and pathways.It provides a reference for better understanding the synthesis and regulatory mechanisms of milk protein,milk fat,and lactose,as well as screening genes that can be used in molecular breeding of cows in the future.

关 键 词：乳蛋白 乳脂肪 乳糖 调控因子 调控通路 

分 类 号：TS252.1[轻工技术与工程—农产品加工及贮藏工程]