国家主导的教育补偿计划——以“美国救援计划”为例  

Federal-led Compensatory Education Programs:A Case Study of the American Rescue Program

作　　者：周诺男 吕杰昕[2] ZHOU Nuonan;LYU Jiexin(Research Institute for International and Comparative Education,Shanghai Normal University,Shanghai 200234,China;School of Education,Shanghai Normal University,Shanghai 200234,China)

机构地区：[1]上海师范大学国际与比较教育研究院,上海200234 [2]上海师范大学教育学院,上海200234

出　　处：《比较教育学报》2025年第1期31-43,共13页Journal of Comparative Education

摘　　要：教育补偿对促进社会公平、经济发展和社会稳定具有重要意义,是美国建设公正、包容和繁荣社会的关键举措。20世纪60年代后,美国通过一系列重要的教育法案为贫困儿童、少数族裔和残疾学生等弱势群体提供了教育补偿。此后,对弱势群体学生的教育补偿理念从“机会均等”转向“质量问责”,并从“联邦问责”转向“州问责”。为弥补疫情防控期间的教育损失,美国在联邦政府层面开展教育补偿,于2021年3月开始启动了“美国救援计划”,包括中小学紧急救援、高等教育紧急救济、向非公立学校提供紧急援助,以及针对弱势群体的教育恢复援助等项目。国家主导的教育补偿计划不仅保障了弱势群体的受教育权利,也推动了美国教育体系的公平性和包容性。Compensatory education program is of great significance in promoting social equity,economic development and social stability,and is a key initiative in building a just,inclusive and prosperous society.After 1960s,the U.S.provided compensatory education for disadvantaged groups such as poor children,minorities,and students with disabilities through a series of important education acts.Since then,compensatory education for disadvantaged students has shifted from"equal opportunity"to"quality accountability",and from"federal accountability"to"state accountability".To compensate for educational losses during the pandemics,the U.S.federal government launched the American Rescue Plan in March 2021,which included programs for primary and secondary school emergency relief,higher education emergency relief,emergency assistance to nonpublic schools,and educational recovery assistance for vulnerable populations.The federal-led compensatory education program not only guarantees the right to education for disadvantaged groups,but also promotes the fairness and inclusiveness of the U.S.education system.

关 键 词：美国救援计划 教育补偿 国家主导 教育公平 

分 类 号：G4[文化科学—教育学]