美国国际基础教育援助的“整体治理”机制与行动反思  

"Holistic Governance"of United States International Basic Education Assistance:Mechanisms and Reflections

作　　者：舒美豪 宋佳[1] SHU Meihao;SONG Jia(Research Institute for International and Comparative Education,Shanghai Normal University,Shanghai 200234,China)

机构地区：[1]上海师范大学国际与比较教育研究院,上海200234

出　　处：《比较教育学报》2025年第1期85-99,共15页Journal of Comparative Education

基　　金：2024年度全国教育科学规划国家青年课题“世界主要国家高等教育制度型开放战略研究”(项目编号:CDA240262)。

摘　　要：国际基础教育援助是提升全球公民基本能力素养的多方协作行动,也是世界主要国家参与全球教育治理与发挥国际影响力的重要路径。基于整体性治理的理论视角,美国国际基础教育援助自20世纪60年代以来,经历了统一政府行动的初步建制、行动“碎片化”的困境显现及推动整体性治理的深化变革三个发展阶段。美国国际基础教育援助从四个方面构建整体性治理机制,分别为内部协同的协调机制、汇聚各方资源的整合机制、目标导向的责任机制及提供决策支撑的信息机制。美国国际基础教育援助的整体性治理机制在促进受援国基础教育发展、构建美国国家安全体系和保证各方利益三方面取得重要实效,但也面临着人道主义目标导向受阻、成本与效益失衡及实地数据收集受限的现实挑战。International basic education assistance is a multistakeholder collaborative effort to enhance the basic competencies of global citizens,and an important path for the world's leading countries to participate in global education governance and exert international influence.Based on the perspective of holistic governance,U.S.international basic education assistance has gone through three stages of development since 1960s:the initial establishment of unified government action,the emergence of the dilemma of“fragmentation”of action,and the deepening of change in promoting holistic governance.At the same time,the U.S.international basic education assistance has constructed a holistic governance mechanism from four aspects,namely,a coordination mechanism for internal synergy,an integration mechanism for pooling resources from various parties,a goal-oriented accountability mechanism,and an information mechanism to provide support for decision-making.The holistic governance mechanism of U.S.international basic education assistance has made important contributions to promoting the development of basic education in recipient countries,building the U.S.national security system,and ensuring the interests of multiple parties.However,U.S.international basic education assistance still faces the challenges of humanitarian goal orientation,cost-benefit imbalance,and limited data collection in educational field.

关 键 词：整体性治理 美国 教育援助 基础教育 

分 类 号：G4[文化科学—教育学]