家校互动模式下小学生家长减盐干预的效果分析  

Analysis of the impact of salt reduction interventions on primary school students′parents based on the home-school interaction model

作　　者：王静雷[1] 赵玉明 杨一兵 宋隽清 常诗琳 石文惠 Wang Jinglei;Zhao Yuming;Yang Yibing;Song Junqing;Chang Shilin;Shi Wenhui(National Office of China Healthy Lifestyle for All,Office of NCD and Ageing Health Management,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 102206,China;Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health/National Institute of Environmental Health,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 100021,China)

机构地区：[1]全民健康生活方式行动国家行动办公室、中国疾病预防控制中心慢病和老龄健康管理处,北京102206 [2]中国疾病预防控制中心环境与人群健康重点实验室、中国疾病预防控制中心环境与健康相关产品安全所,北京100021

出　　处：《中华预防医学杂志》2025年第1期76-81,共6页Chinese Journal of Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：分析应用家校互动模式实施减盐措施对学生家长减盐知信行的影响。采用干预研究,于2021年4月,采用整群抽样方法抽取宜昌市3所小学3~5年级学生家长作为目标人群,将家长人群分为干预组和对照组。干预组实施家校互动的综合减盐干预,对照组未对学生家长采取任何干预措施。干预前后开展基线调查和终末调查,调查内容包括一般情况、既往接受减盐干预情况以及减盐知识态度和行为等内容。利用倍差法比较干预组和对照组家长干预前后知信行得分情况,对不同文化程度家长进行分层分析,评价干预实施的净效应。结果显示,740名家长完成了基线和终末调查,其中干预组231名,对照组509名。倾向性评分匹配后干预组231名(33.33%),对照组462名(66.67%)。干预后,干预组人群获取控盐勺、控盐罐以及通过学校途径获取减盐知识与建议的比例分别为87.45%、86.58%和75.45%,均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。干预后,高中及以下学历家长获取控盐罐的比例干预组(89.23%)高于对照组(74.49%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。大专及以上学历家长控盐勺、控盐罐以及通过学校途径获取减盐知识与建议接受比例均高于对照组(P<0.05)。倍差法(DID)结果显示,在控制月收入等因素后,干预组家长减盐相关知识得分和低盐行为选择得分较干预前的上升幅度显著高于对照组,DID值及95%CI分别为1.18(0.15~2.21)、0.62(0.16~1.09),存在显著的干预净效应;按家长文化程度分层后,此差异在大专及以上学历组仍然存在,DID值及95%CI分别为1.39(0.13~2.66)、0.76(0.16~1.36)。综上,应用家校互动干预模式开展减盐措施可提高学生家长的盐相关知识和低盐行为选择水平。To analyze the impact of salt reduction interventions on the knowledge,attitude and behavior regarding the salt reduction of students′parents based on the home-school interaction model.In April 2021,parents of students in grades 3-5 from three primary schools in Yichang City were selected as the target population using a cluster sampling method,and the parent population was divided into an intervention group and a control group.In the intervention group,a comprehensive home-school interaction salt reduction intervention was implemented,and in the control group,no intervention measures were taken for students′parents.Baseline and final surveys were conducted before and after the intervention period,which included general information,previous salt reduction interventions received,and salt reduction knowledge,attitude and behavior.Difference-in-difference(DID)method was used to compare the knowledge,attitude and behavior status of two groups before and after the intervention,and stratified analysis of parents with different literacy levels was conducted to assess the net effect of intervention implementation.The results showed that 740 parents completed the baseline and final surveys,with 231 in the intervention group and 509 in the control group.After propensity score matching,there were 231(33.33%)in the intervention group and 462(66.67%)in the control group.After the intervention,the proportion of the intervention group who obtained salt control spoons and pots,as well as salt reduction knowledge and advice through school,was 87.45%,86.58%and 75.45%,respectively,which was significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.05).After the intervention,the proportion of parents with a high school and lower education who obtained salt control pots was higher in the intervention group(89.23%)than in the control group(74.49%),with significant differences(P<0.05).The proportion of parents with a college degree or above who obtained salt control spoons and pots,as well as salt reduction knowledge and advice throu

关 键 词：氯化钠 膳食 减盐干预 学生家长 家校互动 干预性研究 

分 类 号：R153.2[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学]