语用隐喻思想遗产回溯与盘整——缅怀学术宗师Jacob Mey  

Tracing and Categorizing the Intellectual Heritage of Pragmatic Metaphors—In Memory of the Academic Master Jacob Mey

作　　者：孙毅 褚瑞莉[2] Sun Yi;Chu Ruili(Guangdong University of Foreign Studies,Guangdong 510420,China;Weinan Normal University,Weinan 714099,China)

机构地区：[1]广东外语外贸大学外国文学文化研究院,510420 [2]渭南师范学院外国语学院,714099

出　　处：《北京第二外国语学院学报》2024年第6期87-101,共15页Journal of Beijing International Studies University

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“当代隐喻学视域中多语种通用辞格认识研究”(项目编号:2113YY001);广东外语外贸大学外国文学文化研究院2023年标志性成果培植课题“认知诗学新域中的隐喻问题研究”(项目编号:23BZCG07);渭南师范学院2023年校级教育教学改革研究项目“课程思政背景下地方师范类院校‘多语种+’外语人才培养体系研究”(项目编号:JG202330)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：隐喻不仅是人类彼此交流、洞见内外部世界的便捷手段,更是一种须臾难离的思维工具。然而,隐喻在具备确切实用性的同时,也难免附带偏见性、狭隘性甚至危险性。本文从言语行为、语用行为、具身体验以及生态等视角,追溯语用学泰斗Jacob Mey的隐喻思想,并将之规纳为以下5点:①隐喻是以社会为导向的动态情境言语行为;②隐喻是一种语用行为;③隐喻是一种根植于社会语境的实践活动;④隐喻是一种生态工具;⑤隐喻具有两面性,“恩惠”和“祸端”并存。鉴于其“双刃剑”特征,Jacob Mey指出,在使用隐喻时,必须揭示其所折射的社会关系以及所凝结的脑力与体力劳动。本文认为,为了让隐喻更好地服务于人类,我们需以开放包容的态度理解隐喻,以开阔的视角从多元维度研究隐喻,以适当方式加以理性利用。Metaphors are not only a convenient way for humans to communicate with each other and to gain insights into internal and external worlds,but are also an indispensable tool for thought.However,while metaphors have defi nite practical functions,they also inevitably emerge in conjunction with biases,narrow scopes,and even threats.In this paper,the metaphorical thoughts of the distinguished master of pragmatics,Jacob Mey,are traced from the perspectives of speech acts,pragmatic acts,embodied experiences,and ecology,and are categorized as follows:(1)Metaphor is a socially-oriented dynamic situational speech act;(2)Metaphor is a pragmatic act;(3)Metaphor is a practical activity rooted in the social context;(4)Metaphor is an ecological tool;and(5)Metaphor has two sides,with both“benefi ts”and“drawbacks”coexisting.Given the nature of metaphors as a“double-edged sword”,Mey has pointed out that,when using metaphors,it is necessary to reveal the social relations that they refl ect and the mental and physical labor that they embodies.In order for metaphors to serve humanity more efficiently,we need to understand metaphors by having an open and inclusive attitude,to approach metaphors from a broad and multidimensional perspective,and to utilize metaphors rationally and in an appropriate manner.

关 键 词：雅各布·梅 隐喻 语用行为 实践活动 生态工具 

分 类 号：H030[语言文字—语言学] H315