“翻译共性”的动态考察:基于历时语料库的多语体分析  

Investigating the Dynamic“Translation Universals”:A Diachronic Corpus-Based Analysis Across Multiple Registers

作　　者：庞双子 PANG Shuangzi

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学外国语学院,上海200240

出　　处：《外语与外语教学》2024年第5期132-144,150,F0003,共15页Foreign Languages and Their Teaching

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“五四以来透过翻译的语言接触与现代汉语语体发展的历时语料库研究”(项目编号:20BYY020)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：翻译共性自提出伊始,一直受到学界关注。但长期以来,人们通常在文学、科普等某一类语体中考察翻译的某一个共性特征。本文试从文学、科技和学术三类语体语料,来考察在两个时间段(1925年至1935年、1985年至1995年)里翻译汉语简化和显化特征的变化,分析这些特征与语体的关联以及是否发生历时变化。研究发现:(1)翻译汉语的简化特征在三类语体中有不同的呈现。其中,在高频词和词汇密度的使用上,文学翻译语体符合简化特征,其他语体不明显;其它指标的考察中,三类语体均不存在简化特征;(2)显化特征在翻译汉语的三类语体中呈现出差异性。其中,文学语体显化现象较为突出,其它语体不明显。(3)历时检测表明,翻译汉语简化和显化特征的多项指标在两个抽样时段发生显著性差异。其中,部分简化指标的语体和时间段并不相互关联,保持了阶段上的稳定性。与此相反,显化指标在不同的时间段、不同的语体中使用偏好呈现出较大差异,受社会因素影响较大。本研究认为,翻译语言的简化和显化特征在不同语体和不同时段中会呈现出多样性的特征。翻译文本多个语体的动态考察可以为翻译文本特征研究和语言变化研究提供新的视角。Translation universals have attracted academic attention since their emergence.However,studies typically focus on a specific universal translation feature within a particular register,such as literature or popular science.This paper examines the changes in simplification and explicitation features of translated Chinese across three registers—literary,scientific,and academic—over two time periods(1925—1935 and 1985—1995).It analyzes the relationship between these features and text types,as well as any diachronic changes that occur.The findings are as follows:(1)The simplification features of translation texts manifest differently across the three registers.In terms of high-frequency words and lexical density,literary translation adheres to simplification,while other registers do not show this clearly.In the evaluation of other indicators,none of three registers exhibit simplification featueres.(2)The explicitation shows differences across the three registers in translated Chinese,with a more pronounced presence in the literary register,while the other registers are less obvious.(3)Diachronic analysis indicates that several indicators of simplification and explicitation in translated Chinese exhibit significant differences between the two sampling periods.Some simplification indicators are not correlated with the register and time period,maintaining stability across phases.In contrast,the preferences for explicitation indicators reveal considerable differences across different time periods and registers,being significantly affected by social factors.This study posits that the simplification and explicitation of translation language exhibit diverse characteristics across different registers and time periods.A dynamic investigation of multiple registers in translated Chinese can provide new perspectives for research on translation features and language change.

关 键 词：翻译汉语 历时 语体 翻译共性 显化 简化 

分 类 号：H059[语言文字—语言学]