职业教育数字化政策审视:制定、实施及效果——基于我国与其他四国政策文本的对比分析  

A Review of Digitalization Policies in Vocational Education:Formulation,Implementation,and Effectiveness——A Comparative Analysis of Policy Texts From China and Four Other Countries

作　　者：韩锡斌[1] 唐小淇 刁均峰 Han Xibin;Tang Xiaoqi;Diao Junfeng(Institute of Education,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084;College of Education,Hainan Normal University,Haikou 571158,Hainan;Education Digital Transformation Research Center/Hainan Institute for Educational Reform and Development,Hainan Normal University,Haikou 571158,Hainan)

机构地区：[1]清华大学教育研究院,北京100084 [2]海南师范大学教育学院,海南海口571158 [3]海南师范大学教育数字化转型研究中心/海南教育改革与发展研究院,海南海口571158

出　　处：《中国电化教育》2025年第1期101-108,共8页China Educational Technology

基　　金：国家社会科学基金教育学重大项目“数字教育形态研究”(项目编号:VCA230011)研究成果之一。

摘　　要：随着数字技术对劳动力市场的深远影响,数字化已成为各国推动职业教育改革和发展的重要战略。该文选择中国与日本、澳大利亚、德国、英国的职业教育数字化政策文本,比较五个国家政策制定与实施特点及其效果。研究发现:在政策主体维度,各国均已形成多主体参与、跨领域合作的特点,中国与日本由教育主管部门主导,而其他三国则由经济与社会主管部门主导;在政策主题维度,中国重视通过数字化全面支撑引领教育现代化,而其他国家则侧重利用数字技术促进职业教育与产业企业的联接;在政策工具维度,各国面对自身的主要矛盾,从供给、需求和环境不同方面制定针对性的政策工具,力求精准施策;在政策效果维度,各国在推动职业教育在数字时代响应快速变化的劳动市场和数字经济发展需求方面都做出了积极努力和创新,但仍需解决数字技能提升、法规支持、资金投入和教育体系适应性等问题。建议从多元政策主体共同参与、协同推进,将数字化战略与职业教育发展战略紧密结合,秉持系统观以增强政策工具的协同和整合,开展系统性、持续性和前瞻性的政策评估等方面持续优化我国职业教育数字化政策。With the profound impact of digital technology on the labor market,digital transformation has become a key strategy for various countries to promote the reform and development of vocational education.This paper selects policy texts on the digital transformation of vocational education from China,Japan,Australia,Germany,and the United Kingdom,focusing on policies that have been completed or are nearing completion.It constructs an analytical framework of“policy actors-policy tools-policy themes-policy outcomes”to compare the formulation,implementation characteristics,and effects of vocational education digitalization policies in these five countries.The study finds the following:Policy Actors:All countries have established multi-stakeholder participation and cross-sectoral collaboration as key features.Policy Themes:China emphasizes leveraging digital transformation to comprehensively support and lead educational modernization,whereas other countries focus on using digital technologies to strengthen the connection between vocational education and industries.Policy Tools:Countries have tailored specific policy instruments based on their primary challenges,addressing supply,demand,and environmental factors to ensure precise implementation.Policy Outcomes:Governments in all countries have demonstrated efforts and innovation in enabling vocational education to respond to the rapidly evolving demands of the labor market and the digital economy.However,challenges remain in enhancing digital skills,providing regulatory support,ensuring financial investment,and improving the adaptability of educational systems.By leveraging China’s strengths and learning from the experiences of developed countries,the optimization of China’s vocational education digitalization policies can be pursued in four key areas:fostering multi-stakeholder participation and coordinated promotion,closely integrating digital strategies with vocational education development strategies,adopting a systemic approach to enhance the coordination and

关 键 词：职业教育 教育数字化 政策制定与实施 政策效果 政策文本分析 

分 类 号：G434[文化科学—教育学]