直面教育非实证研究  

Facing Up to Educational Non-Empirical Research

作　　者：刘庆昌[1] LIU Qing-chang(School of Education Science,Shanxi University,Taiyuan Shanxi 030006,China)

机构地区：[1]山西大学教育科学学院,山西太原030006

出　　处：《苏州大学学报(教育科学版)》2025年第1期46-62,共17页Journal of Soochow University(Educational Science Edition)

基　　金：2023年度国家社会科学基金教育学一般项目“中国教育学研究方法的百年历程与基本经验研究”(项目编号:BAA230051)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：人类使用非实证研究方法所取得的教育认识成果是不容忽视的,但客观上却存在着对教育非实证研究的质疑和贬抑。应当说这样的质疑和贬抑多少有些意气用事,并不能使教育非实证研究无端地消逝。实际上,“教育”具有非经验和非事实的侧面,这就决定了非实证方法在教育学研究中的必然存在;而“教育”的非自然性,则决定了教育学研究中的求知和致用目的达成,均须以非实证方法为主导。非实证是与实证相对应的存在,因而在完整的研究方法思考中,理应对等地构建出其具体的内容结构,而思辨和解释应是其核心要素。在哲学和人文社会科学各领域研究的影响下,教育非实证研究目前已呈现出多元并存的格局,研究者使用的具体方法类型有:意欲探源的形而上学方法、旨在清思的分析哲学方法、面向事情本身的现象学方法、强调理解的解释学方法,以及与逻辑方法对应的历史哲学方法等。相信此种格局的延续必将有利于教育非实证研究方法的理论建构,并最终促成教育学研究理性的提升。While the results obtained through the use of non-empirical research methods should not be dismissed,there is objective skepticism about,and depreciation of,non-empirical research in education.It should be noted that such questioning and deprecation are somewhat emotional and thus cannot cause the non-empirical research of education to vanish without reason.In actuality,“education”has a non-empirical and non-factual aspect,which determines the inevitable presence of non-empirical methods in educational research.The artificiality of“education”dictates that the pursuit of knowledge and the purpose of application in educational research must be dominated by non-empirical methods.Non-empirical methods are the counterpart of empirical methods;thus,the concrete content structure should be constructed equally within the complete research method thinking,and speculation and explanation should constitute its core content elements.Under the influence of various fields of philosophy,humanities and social sciences,non-empirical research in education currently exhibits a pattern of pluralism and coexistence.The specific types of methods employed by researchers include the metaphysical method of intention exploration,the analytical philosophy method aimed at clarifying thinking,the phenomenological method oriented towards things themselves,the hermeneutic method of understanding,and the historical philosophy method corresponding to the logical method.It is believed that the continuation of this pattern will be beneficial to the theoretical construction of non-empirical research methods in education and will ultimately contribute to the enhancement of the rationality of educational research.

关 键 词：教育学研究 非实证研究 实证研究 理论思维 

分 类 号：G40-034[文化科学—教育学原理]