三维政策工具框架下我国减负政策内容研究——基于1955-2021年150份政策文本的量化分析  

A Quantitative Analysis of China s Burden Reduction Policy Texts Based on Three-Dimensional Policy Instruments Framework Taking 150 Policy Documents from 1950-2021 as an Example

作　　者：热孜万古丽·阿巴斯[1] 苏珺珺 雒亮[1] ABASI Reziwanguli;SU Junjun;LUO Liang

机构地区：[1]新疆师范大学教育科学学院,乌鲁木齐830017 [2]南京师范大学教育科学学院,南京210024

出　　处：《中国人民大学教育学刊》2024年第6期132-147,共16页Renmin University of China Education Journal

基　　金：新疆师范大学2023年智库招标课题“振兴西部背景下新疆高校人才队伍建设困境与破解路径研究”(ZK202316C);新疆维吾尔自治区高校基本科研业务费科研重点项目(2024年度)“新时代高校对口援疆工作的成效及自我提升机制研究”(XJEDU2024J147);新疆师范大学博士科研启动基金“中华优秀传统文化融入新疆中小学学科教学的现状及其路径研究”(XJNUBS202316);新疆维吾尔自治区“十四五”重点学科教育学招标项目;“数字赋能师范生创客教育人才培养混合模式研究”(24XJKD0101)。

摘　　要：政策工具的设计与选择是实施“减负”政策的必要手段。研究以政策工具理论为基础构建了三维分析框架,并运用Nvivo12软件对1955—2021年150份减负政策文本进行内容分析。研究发现,在政策工具维度中,权威工具使用频率较高、能力建设工具和系统变革工具内部结构不均、象征和劝诫与激励工具不足;利益相关者维度中政策的注意力集中在政府、学校和学生三方,对教师、媒体等关注度不够;政策影响效力呈现出两极分化的趋势。基于此,研究建议优化减负政策工具组合,提升政策工具协同效力;对利益相关者的利益活动进行引导和规制,构建平衡与协调机制;发挥政策的联动性,强化以政府为主导、多元主体参与的减负体系。The design and selection of policy instruments are essential for implementing“burden reduction”policies.This study constructs a three-dimensional analytical framework based on the theory of policy instruments,and uses Nvivo12 software to analyze the content of 150 burden reduction policy texts issued between 1955 and 2021,in order to analyze the characteristics and shortcomings of the use of policy instruments in the burden reduction policy system.The study found that in the policy instrument dimension,authoritative instruments were used more frequently,capacity building and systemic change instruments were unevenly structured internally,and symbolic and exhortation and motivation instruments were insufficient;in the stakeholder dimension,policy attention was focused on government,schools,and students,with insufficient attention being paid to teachers and least attention paid to parents,out-of-school educational institutions,and the media.The effectiveness of policy influence showed a trend towards bifurcation.The effectiveness of policy impact was bifurcated,with core policies dominating the direction of burden reduction policies and other related policies having less policy impact.Based on this,it is recommended to optimize the combination of policy instruments and improve the synergy of policy instruments,to manage and regulate the interests of stakeholders,to establish a balance and coordination mechanism,and to bring policy linkages into play to strengthen a government-led and multidisciplinary burden reduction system.The aim is to better address the issue of“burden reduction”and to provide education to the satisfaction of the public.

关 键 词：政策工具 减负政策 政策文本 量化分析 

分 类 号：G40-011.8[文化科学—教育学原理]