流动与失衡:人口结构变动与城乡义务教育均衡的再反思--基于N市的经验研究  

Mobility and Imbalance:Re-reflection on the Change of Population Structure and the Balance of Urban and Rural Compulsory Education:An Empirical Research Based on N City

作　　者：吴磊 靳亚飞 WU Lei;JIN Yafei(Jingdezhen Ceramic University,Jingdezhen 333403;Gannan Normal University,Ganzhou 341000)

机构地区：[1]景德镇陶瓷大学考古文博学院,333403 [2]赣南师范大学历史文化与旅游学院,341000

出　　处：《教育科学研究》2025年第1期34-41,共8页Educational Science Research

基　　金：2021年度国家社会科学基金项目“乡村产业振兴中县域市场公共性与地方社会秩序的共生演进研究”(21BSH094)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：城乡义务教育资源失衡是当前我国教育领域面临的重要问题,相关研究多静态、孤立地从教育系统内部的资源配置方式中寻找原因,鲜有学者关注城市化、工业化进程中人口流动导致的人口分布结构变迁的重要意义。选取位于中部省份的N市作为案例,分析人口流动因素对教育资源配置失衡的影响机制。研究发现,城市化趋势下的生源锐减和生均经费制度是乡校经费短缺的重要原因;教师的进城动机和绑定生源的编制制度造成乡村教师的结构性短缺;城市化过程中的生源扩张及关联户籍、生源的资源配置制度造成城区教师资源的短缺。教育制度与人口趋势的错位是城乡教育失衡的核心逻辑,其在办学、招聘、招生、资源配置等制度中均有体现。改变教育失衡状况的关键在于教育资源配置原则应尊重人口结构变动的现实,并在具体制度领域作出变革。The imbalance of urban and rural compulsory education resources is the core problem facing the current education field in China.Relevant studies mostly statically and isolated find the reasons from the resource allocation mode within the education system.Few scholars pay attention to the significance of the change of population distribution structure caused by population flow in the process of urbanization and industrialization.In this paper,N City in a central province is selected as a case study to analyze the influence mechanism of population flow factors on the imbalance of educational resources allocation.The results show that the source of students decreases sharply under the trend of urbanization,and the per student funding system is an important reason for the shortage of rural school funds.The structural shortage of rural teachers is caused by the motivation of teachers to go to the city and the establishment system of binding students.In the process of urbanization,the expansion of student resources and the resource allocation system related to household registration and student resources result in the crowding of teacher resources in urban areas.The mismatch between education system and population trend is the core logic of the imbalance in urban and rural education,which is reflected in the system of running school,recruitment,enrollment and resource allocation.The key to change the imbalance of education lies in the principle of education resource allocation should respect the reality of population structure change and make changes in specific system fields.

关 键 词：城市化 人口结构 教育均衡 义务教育 

分 类 号：G626[文化科学—教育学]