20世纪90年代以来俄罗斯历史教育中的国家认同建构:两次转向及其前因后果探析  

The Construction of National Identity in Russian History Education since 1990s:Two Turns and Their Causes and Consequences

作　　者：王玥[1] 饶从满[1] 吴宗劲 WANG Yue;RAO Congman;WU Zongjin(Institute of International and Comparative Education,Northeast Normal University,Changchun 130024,China)

机构地区：[1]东北师范大学国际与比较教育研究院,吉林长春130024

出　　处：《外国教育研究》2024年第12期3-15,共13页Studies in Foreign Education

基　　金：吉林省社会科学基金2023年度博士和青年扶持项目“教师的国家认同观及其教学方法的选择研究”(项目编号:2023C86)。

摘　　要：历史教育是民族国家建构国家认同的重要途径,但历史教育建构国家认同具有情境性。20世纪90年代以来社会转型背景下俄罗斯的历史教育在建构国家认同上经历了两次转向。俄罗斯在具体的时空背景下所选择的国家建构理路的转变是两次转向的重要影响因素。叶利钦时期选择的自由主义倾向于以客观主义历史教育进行自然化国家认同建构,普京时期选择的保守主义倾向于通过建构主义历史教育进行政治化国家认同建构。20世纪90年代以来俄罗斯的经验教训告诉我们,通过历史教育建构国家认同,需要基于具体的时空环境和国家建构的需要,在客观历史叙事与价值观建构之间维持平衡。History education is an important way for a nation-state to construct national identity,but it is situational.Under the background of social transformation since 1990s,Russian history education has gone through two turns in constructing national identity.The transformation of Russia's national construction theory under the specific time and space background is an important factor affecting the two turns.Liberalism in Yeltsin's period tends to adopt objectivist historical education to realize the construction of natural national identity,while conservatism in Putin's period tends to realize the construction of political national identity through constructivist historical education.The experience and lessons of Russia since 1990s tell us that the construction of national identity through history education needs to be based on the specific space-time environment and the needs of national construction,taking into account the balance between objective history and the construction of values.

关 键 词：俄罗斯 历史教育 国家认同 客观主义-自然化取向 建构主义-政治化取向 

分 类 号：G40-012.9[文化科学—教育学原理] G511.2[文化科学—教育学]