洛学承继与心学转向:张九成“心即理”的思想  

The Characteristics and Significance of Zhang Jiuchen's Theory of Mind

作　　者：李春颖 赵慧霞 Li Chunying;Zhao Huixia

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学国际儒学院,北京100088 [2]史家教育集团,北京100010

出　　处：《国际儒学(中英文)》2024年第4期61-70,198,共11页International Studies on Confucianism

基　　金：北京市教育科学“十三五”规划2018年度优先关注课题“新时期德育资源开发于共享机制研究”(CEIA18063)。

摘　　要：张九成作为程门再传,提出了“心即理”的思想,是洛学向心学转化的关键人物。“天人一心”与“仁即是觉,觉即是心”是其心学思想的两个重要内容。“天人一心”着重阐发本心同于天理,且本心具有参天地造化的能动性;“仁即是觉,觉即是心”是对二程“知觉言仁”的进一步推进,将仁学心学化。在此基础上,张九成强调“人者天地之心”,人人具有的本心即天地之心。本心不但作为本体,同时还可以现实地呈现和发用。张九成心学的最大特点在于肯定本体的能动性,本体不是固定于未发层面,而是自身具有能动性,贯通已发未发,即体即用。正是在这个意义上,他认为本心不但包含一切自然界法则和社会原则,而且能够参与影响世界的发展变化。Neo-Confucianism agreed that human being and the nature had the same essence,which was the same essence,human nature or Mind?Different Schools had different answers to this question.Zhang Jiucheng is a follower of Yang Shi,who is a disciple of Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi.Zhang Jiucheng said that mind was li,and he formed a theory of mind.This paper will discuss his theory of Mind from two aspects:the first one is the consistency between nature and human beings;the other one is that human beings are the heart of nature.Compared with Zhu Xi,Zhang Jiucheng insisted that mind was li.As the thing-in-itself,Mind is not confined to the noumenal world.The mind shows itself in our real life,and contains the law of all things as well as the principles of ethics.

关 键 词：张九成 洛学 心学 天理 本心 天人一心 

分 类 号：B24[哲学宗教—中国哲学]