大蒜生长中6种矿质元素及挥发性成分动态变化  

Dynamic Changes of Six Mineral Elements and Volatile Components in Garlic Growth

作　　者：孟君 黎桂豪 秦素雅 程传玲 王凯 陈鑫雨 MENG Jun;LI Gui-hao;QIN Su-ya;CHENG Chuan-ling;WANG Kai;CHEN Xin-yu(College of Food and Bioengineering,Zhengzhou University of Light Industry,Zhengzhou 450001,China;College of Tobacco Science and Engineering,Zhengzhou University of Light Industry,Zhengzhou 450001,China)

机构地区：[1]郑州轻工业大学食品与生物工程学院,郑州450001 [2]郑州轻工业大学烟草科学与工程学院,郑州450001

出　　处：《中国调味品》2025年第2期200-204,共5页China Condiment

基　　金：校众创空间孵化项目(2020ZCKJ217)。

摘　　要：用大蒜种子在试验田中种植大蒜,定期采集相同培育条件下的样品,采用微波消解、火焰原子吸收光谱法测定其根、茎、叶中矿质元素含量,并采用GC-MS测定不同生长期蒜苗中的挥发性成分。结果表明,在相同培育条件下,不同生长期不同部位6种矿质元素的含量不同。其中,K在各样品中的相对含量较高,特别是大蒜苗生长到旺盛期时,叶中K含量达到最高;含量次之的为矿质元素Ca,但Ca在根部相对含量较高。随着大蒜生长期的变化,6种矿质元素在根、茎、叶中富集、迁移变化规律不同。挥发性成分检测结果表明,不同生长期蒜苗中挥发性成分的种类和含量有一定差别,相同的挥发性化合物有15种,其中,主要是硫化物,相对含量最高的均为甲基-2-丙烯基三硫化物,但随着蒜苗的生长,其相对含量减少,综合结果表明,蒜苗在生长中期,茎、叶中含有较多矿质元素和硫化物,该研究为确定蒜苗生长过程中物质变化及最佳营养时期的确立提供了理论依据。Garlic seeds are used to plant garlic in experimental fields,and the samples under the same cultivation conditions are collected regularly.Microwave digestion and flame atomic absorption spectroscopy are used to determine the mineral element content in the roots,stems and leaves,and GC-MS is used to determine the volatile components in garlic seedlings at different growth stages.The results show that the content of six mineral elements in different parts of garlic seedlings at different growth stages is different under the same cultivation conditions.The relative content of K in each sample is relatively high,especially when garlic seedlings grow to vigorous stage,the content of K in leaves reaches the highest.The content of mineral element Ca is the second highest,but Ca is relatively high in roots.With the changes of garlic growth stages,the change rules of enrichment and migration of six mineral elements in roots,stems and leaves are different.The determination results of volatile components show that there are certain differences in the types and content of volatile components in garlic seedlings at different growth stages.There are 15 types of common volatile compounds,among which,sulfides are the main compounds,the relative content of methyl-2-propenyl trisulfide is the highest.But with the growth of garlic,its relative content decreases.The comprehensive results show that in the middle growth stage of garlic seedling,stems and leaves contain more mineral elements and more sulfides.This study has provided a theoretical basis for determining the changes of substances of garlic seedlings during growth and the establishment of the optimal nutritional period.

关 键 词：大蒜 蒜苗 矿质元素 挥发性成分 火焰原子吸收 气相色谱-质谱联用 

分 类 号：TS201.2[轻工技术与工程—食品科学]