CRISPR/Cas系统的生物传感器在食品安全快速检测中的应用  

Applications of CRISPR/Cas-Based Biosensors in Rapid Detection for Food Safety

作　　者：唐兴悦 沈亚芳 舒在习 黄爱霞[2] 林锋[2] 乔朝晖 戴煌 郝贵杰[2] TANG Xingyue;SHEN Yafang;SHU Zaixi;HUANG Aixia;LIN Feng;QIAO Zhaohui;DAI Huang;HAO Guijie(College of Food Science and Engineering,Wuhan Polytechnic University,Wuhan 430000;Key Laboratory of Healthy Freshwater Aquaculture,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Key Laboratory of Fish Health and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province,Huzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Quality Improvement and Processing Technology,Zhejiang Institute of Freshwater Fisheries,Huzhou 313001;The Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil(Wuhan Polytechnic University),Ministry of Education,Wuhan 430023;College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences,Ningbo University,Ningbo 315800,Zhejiang)

机构地区：[1]武汉轻工大学食品科学与工程学院,武汉430000 [2]农业农村部淡水渔业健康养殖重点实验室、浙江省鱼类健康与营养重点实验室、湖州市水产品品质提升与加工技术重点实验室、浙江省淡水水产研究所,浙江湖州313001 [3]大宗粮油精深加工教育部重点实验室,武汉430023 [4]宁波大学食品与药学学院,浙江宁波315800

出　　处：《中国食品学报》2025年第1期411-426,共16页Journal of Chinese Institute Of Food Science and Technology

基　　金：浙江省科技厅重点研发项目(2022C02028);浙江省自然科学基金项目(LTGN23C200019);湖州市公益性应用研究项目(2022GZ25);湖州市科技局重点研发项目(2022ZD2052);浙江省科技厅省属科研院所扶持专项(2023YSZX009,2023YSZX003);国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(32001773)。

摘　　要：规律成簇的间隔短回文重复序列(CRISPR)及其相关蛋白(Cas)组成的CRISPR/Cas系统,因具有极高的特异性、可编程性和易操作等优势而被广泛应用于食品安全快速检测领域。近年来,基于CRISPR/Cas系统的生物传感器发展迅速,已成为快速检测领域的明星工具之一。本文探讨CRISPR/Cas系统中Cas9、Cas12a、Cas13a和Cas14a等常见Cas效应蛋白的作用机制及应用范围,综述其在食源性致病菌、重金属、农药残留和真菌毒素等常见食品有害物质快速检测中的应用,分析CRISPR/Cas生物传感器目前所面临的挑战和发展趋势,以期为其在食品安全领域的应用提供新思路。The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated(Cas)system has been widely used in the field of rapid detection for food safety,owing to its advantages of extremely high specificity,programmability and ease of operation.In recent years,the CRISPR/Cas-based biosensors have flourished and become a favored tool in the rapid detection area.In this paper,the mechanism of various Cas proteins,represented by Cas9,Cas12a,Cas13a and Cas14a,were discussed,and their application in the rapid detection of harmful substances in food(e.g.,foodborne pathogenic bacteria,heavy metals,pesticide residues and mycotoxins)was reviewed as well.Furthermore,current challenges and future perspectives of the CRISPR/Cas-based biosensors for food safety are emphasized.This review aims to provide useful information to help future development of novel CRISPR/Cas-based biosensors for food safety.

关 键 词：CRISPR/Cas 生物传感器 食品安全 快速检测 

分 类 号：Q78[生物学—分子生物学]