配位化学与配合物的趣味实验开发——棉布染色与金属媒染剂  

Development of Interesting Experiments in Coordination Chemistry:Cotton Cloth Dyeing

作　　者：曾雨 黄萍[1] 王晓霞 冉鸣[1] ZENG Yu;HUANG Ping;WANG Xiao-Xia;RAN Ming(College of Chemistry and Materials Science,Sichuan Normal University,Chengdu 610068,China)

机构地区：[1]四川师范大学化学与材料科学学院,四川成都610068

出　　处：《化学教育(中英文)》2025年第3期71-75,共5页Chinese Journal of Chemical Education

摘　　要：为丰富学生对配合物在生活应用场景中的体验,开发了一个趣味实验。实验使用不同金属盐做媒染剂,从茜草、桑葚、红凤菜中提取天然色素对棉布进行染色,比较染色效果和色彩的牢固性。实验显示,金属离子与色素、纤维素形成配合物,可提高染色牢度并改变染布颜色,并从配合物结构理论对实验现象进行解释。实验发现,桑葚和红凤菜染色的棉布经搓洗后掉色较为严重,且桑葚染布颜色受环境pH的影响大,容易变色,2者不宜作为实验材料。该趣味实验所用试剂廉价,操作简便,可为配合物教学提供实验案例。To enrich students'experience in the application of complex in life,an interesting chemistry experiment was designed.Using different metal salts as mordants,natural colorants were extracted from madder,mulberry and Gynura bicolor to dye cotton fabric,and the dyeing effect and color stability were compared.The experimental results showed that metal ions form complexes with colorants and cellulose,which could improve the dyeing fastness.The experimental phenomenon had been explained by the theory of complex structure.Experiments had found that cotton fabrics dyed with mulberries and Gynura bicolor had severe color fading after washing,and the color of mulberries dyed fabrics was greatly affected by the pH of the environment,making them prone to discoloration.Therefore,both were not suitable as experimental materials.The reagent used in this interesting experiment was cheap,easy to operate,and could provide an experimental case for the teaching of complex.

关 键 词：趣味实验 配合物 中学化学教学 染色 金属媒染剂 

分 类 号：G633.8[文化科学—教育学]