索象于图,索理于书——例说七年级“历史地图”的阅读方法  

Find Phenomena from Maps and Principles from Books:Example of Reading Methods for Seventh Grade"Historical Maps"

作　　者：宫毅 Gong Yi

机构地区：[1]上海市徐汇区教育学院

出　　处：《历史教学(上半月)》2025年第1期51-59,共9页History Teaching

摘　　要：在初中七年级上册历史教科书的“读地图”栏目中,明确指出在义务教育阶段,学生主要接触到的历史地图可主要分为:历史时期形势图、战争示意图、经济分布图和交通路线图四类。在教学实践中,针对这四类地图,教师应尽可能地“穷尽”图中信息,引导学生在直观把握地图所示主要内容的基础上,将“图例“”图注”中的信息与“图名”及特定历史时期的时代特征相关联,充分提取其中“显性”和“隐性”信息,并帮助学生将这种识读地图的方法经由“模仿”和“迁移”,继而走向“习得”,当是教学的应有之义。In the"How to Read Historical Maps"section of the seventh-grade textbook,it is clearly stated that during compulsory education,students mainly come into contact with four types of historical maps:historical situation maps,historical battle maps,economic distribution maps,and transportation route maps.In teaching practice,for these four types of maps,teachers should try to"exhaust"the information in the maps,guiding students to intuitively grasp the main content shown in the maps,and to associate the information in the"legends"and"annotations"with the"map titles"and the characteristics of specific historical periods,fully extracting both"explicit"and"implicit"information.Furthermore,teachers should help students to learn the method of reading maps through"imitation"and"transfer",and then move towards acquisition",which is the true meaning of teaching.

关 键 词：义务教育 七年级历史教材 历史地图 学史方法 

分 类 号：G632[文化科学—教育学]