高速动车组车轴车削加工常见问题分析及解决措施  

Analysis of Common Problems and Solution Measures of Axle Turning Machining for High-Speed Locomotives

作　　者：刘正川 Liu Zhengchuan(Zhiqi Railway Equipment Co.,Ltd.,Taiyuan Shanxi 030032,China)

机构地区：[1]智奇铁路设备有限公司,山西太原030032

出　　处：《机械管理开发》2025年第2期204-206,共3页Mechanical Management and Development

摘　　要：由于刀具和工件的相对运动,加工质量不良的时候容易造成局部疲劳裂纹扩展以及危险截面处产生应力集中。由于动车车轴长期处于高速交变状态,特别容易因车轴加工表面质量不佳导致疲劳裂纹的扩展,快速发展失效。机床方面的问题主要分为机床精度、机床故障、机床设备老化导致的可靠性降低。机床的精度水平、机床的可靠性是车轴加工的基础。机床床身水平情况、机床的重复定位精度、丝杠的传动精度、位置检测单元等会对车轴的加工造成直接影响。机床故障特别是在加工过程中发生的突发故障,直接影响车轴加工工况甚至严重导致车轴报废。机床设备的老化传动精度降低,机床刚度下降等都会对车轴加工造成影响。Due to the relative motion of the tool and the workpiece,poor machining quality is prone to cause local fatigue crack expansion and stress concentration at the dangerous cross-section.As the axle of the moving car is in the state of high-speed alternation for a long time,it is especially easy to cause fatigue crack expansion and rapid development of failure due to the poor surface quality of axle processing.Problems in machine tools are mainly categorized into machine tool accuracy,machine tool failures,and reduced reliability due to aging of machine tool equipment.The accuracy level of the machine tool and the reliability of the machine tool are the basis of axle machining.The horizontal condition of the machine bed,the machine's repeatable positioning accuracy,the transmission accuracy of the screw,the position detection unit and so on will have a direct impact on the machining of the axle.Machine failures,especially sudden failures in the machining process,directly affect the working conditions of axle machining or even seriously lead to axle scrap.The aging of the machine tool equipment,transmission precision reduction,machine tool rigidity decline,etc.will have an impact on the axle processing.

关 键 词：车轴 高速动车组 测量问题 作业流程 预防性维护 

分 类 号：U266[机械工程—车辆工程]