微生物合成甜菊糖的研究进展  

Progress on Synthetic Biology for Steviol Glycosides Biosynthesis

作　　者：刘梦雨 何海琳 马婷 苏筱淳 丁一飞 王瑾璇 雷银凤 李树波 LIU Mengyu;HE Hailin;MA Ting;SU Xiaochun;DING Yifei;WANG Jinxuan;LEI Yinfeng;LI Shubo(College of Light Industry and Food Engineering,Guangxi University,Nanning 530004,China;Key Laboratory of Deep Processing and Safety Control for Specialty Agricultural Products in Guangxi Universities,Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,Nanning 530004,China)

机构地区：[1]广西大学轻工与食品工程学院,广西南宁530004 [2]广西壮族自治区教育厅广西高校特色农产品深加工与安全控制重点实验室,广西南宁530004

出　　处：《食品工业科技》2025年第6期387-397,共11页Science and Technology of Food Industry

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(AE30500184)。

摘　　要：甜菊糖苷,又称甜菊糖,是一类从甜叶菊中提取具有高度甜味的二萜类化合物,具有甜度高、热量低、安全无毒、降血糖、降血压等生理特性,被认为是“世界第三天然糖原”,已被广泛应用于食品、医药、日用化工、酿酒等行业。然而,基于传统提取工艺的提取物存在产品纯化难、提取效率较低、消耗过多溶剂等问题,限制了其使用范围。合成生物学的快速发展为植物天然产物的生产提供了一种绿色高效的新型生产模式。为此,文章在阐述甜菊糖苷的结构与生理活性的基础上,综述甜菊糖苷的生物合成研究进展。解析了甜菊糖苷的生物合成路径及其关键酶的催化机制,重点介绍利用糖基转移酶生物催化合成和基于微生物从头合成特定甜菊糖苷的机制及途径,并介绍了两种生物合成方法在生产甜度高、苦味低的莱鲍迪甙A、莱鲍迪甙D和莱鲍迪甙M方面的应用。基于以上研究进展,对甜菊糖苷生物合成法目前面临的主要难题及未来研究方向进行了探讨,以期为甜菊糖苷的生物合成提供理论参考。Stevioside,also known as stevia,is a class of diterpenoids extracted from stevia with high sweetness,low calories,safety and non-toxicity,hypoglycemic,hypotensive,and other physiological characteristics.It is regarded as the"world's third natural glycogen",and widely used in the food,pharmaceutical,daily-use chemicals,brewing,and other industries.However,extracts based on the traditional extraction process have problems such as difficult purification,low extraction efficiency,and excessive consumption of solvents,which limit their value and application scope.The rapid development of synthetic biology provides a new green and efficient production mode for the production of plant-based natural products.To this end,the article reviews the research progress of steviol glycosides'biosynthesis based on the elucidation of their structure and physiological activities.It analyzes the biosynthetic pathways of steviol glycosides and the catalytic mechanisms of the key enzymes involved.The focus is on the mechanisms and approaches for biocatalytic synthesis using glycosyltransferases and the de novo synthesis of specific steviol glycosides by microorganisms.Additionally,it discusses the application of two biosynthetic methods in the production of high sweetness,low bitterness rebaudiosides A,D,and M.Based on the aforementioned research advances,the paper explores the main challenges currently faced in the biosynthesis of steviol glycosides and future research directions,aiming to provide theoretical insights for the biosynthesis of steviol glycosides.

关 键 词：甜菊糖苷 合成途径 糖基转移酶 生物催化 微生物合成 

分 类 号：TS201.3[轻工技术与工程—食品科学]