心与自然的互动--陈献章哲学思想及其道德实践  

Interaction Between Mind and Nature--Chen Xianzhang′s Philosophical Thought and His Moral Practice

作　　者：李晨恺 Li Chenkai(School of Philosophy and Religious Studies,Minzu University of China,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]中央民族大学哲学与宗教学学院,北京100081

出　　处：《西南林业大学学报(社会科学)》2025年第1期38-44,共7页Journal of Southwest Forestry University(Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“心学的形成发展与四书学的重构研究”(19BZX065)资助。

摘　　要：陈献章作为明代重要哲学家之一,以往学界多从其学说整体角度研究其思想,缺乏对其内在观点的深入解读。陈献章认为“心”是连接个体与宇宙的桥梁,通过“心”的修养,人能与自然法则和谐统一,从而达到天人合一的境界。他将“自然”视为宇宙万物遵循的自然法则,主张人应顺应这一法则。他提出个体通过静坐与内观的方法,结合日常实践,能够认识到自我的道德责任和整个宇宙的秩序,实现“心”与“自然”的互动。这一思想成为明代心学萌发的开端,也为理解儒家天人关系提供了新的视角和可能。研究陈献章哲学中“心”与“自然”的互动与实践,以及对个人道德修养的影响,有助于对中国古代哲学思想的研究,更好地传承古代哲学、文化思想中的有益成分。As one of the important philosophers of the Ming dynasty,Chen Baisha was studied from the perspective of the whole of his theory in the past.This paper studies the interaction between′Mind′and′Nature′in Chen Baisha′s philosophy and its influence on personal moral cultivation.Chen Baisha saw the mind as a bridge between the individual and the universe.Through the cultivation of′Mind′,people can be in harmony with the law as a natural unity,so as to achieve the state of harmony between man and nature.He saw′Nature′as the natural law by which all things in the universe are governed,and argued that man should conform to this law.He believed that the individual,by means of meditation and insight,combined with daily practice,be able to recognize the moral responsibility of the self and the Order of the entire universe.This thought became the beginning of the study of mind in Ming dynasty,and also provided a new perspective and possibility for understanding the relationship between man and nature in Confucianism.

关 键 词：陈献章 心学 自然 天人合一 道德实践 

分 类 号：B248.1[哲学宗教—中国哲学]