扣件弹条结构和安装参数对地铁短波波磨的影响  

Effect of Structure and Installation Parameters of Fastener Clips on the Short-pitch Corrugation of Rails

作　　者：王文静 吴波文 潘家保 崔晓璐 闫伟 王力红 王雪飘 张翔 WANG Wenjing;WU Bowen;PAN Jiabao;CUI Xiaolu;YAN Wei;WANG Lihong;WANG Xuepiao;ZHANG Xiang(School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering,Anhui Polytechnic University,Anhui Wuhu 241000,China;School of Mechatronics and Vehicle Engineering,Chongqing Jiaotong University,Chongqing 400074,China;Wuhu China Railway Cogifer Track Co.,Ltd.,Anhui Wuhu 241131,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽工程大学机械与汽车工程学院,安徽芜湖241000 [2]重庆交通大学机电与车辆工程学院,重庆400074 [3]芜湖中铁科吉富轨道有限公司,安徽芜湖241131

出　　处：《表面技术》2025年第5期143-153,共11页Surface Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(52405243,52375227);轨道交通基础设施性能监测与保障国家重点实验室开放课题(HJGZ2023109);芜湖市重点研发与成果转化项目(2023yf055)。

摘　　要：目的研究科隆蛋扣件弹条结构和参数对地铁小半径曲线钢轨波磨的影响规律。方法首先构建轮轨系统三维有限元模型,科隆蛋扣件刚度通过均匀分布在轨底的弹簧和阻尼单元模拟,同时在弹条趾端与钢轨接触点处施加弹簧单元,模拟扣件系统中弹条弯曲变形产生的扣压作用。基于复特征值分析法,探究在饱和蠕滑力激励下轮轨系统的稳定性,然后对比分析考虑弹条和不考虑弹条对轮轨系统不稳定振动的影响。最后探讨弹条扣压刚度、弹条预紧力和弹条扣压点间距对钢轨波磨的影响。结果考虑弹条和不考虑弹条的轮轨系统,在饱和蠕滑力的激励下分别发生了512Hz和488Hz左右的自激振动,出现波长38、39.4mm的短波长波磨。在1.5~17.5 kN/mm范围内,随着弹条刚度的提高,主导的不稳定振动的等效阻尼比先减小后增大,当弹条刚度增至15 kN/mm以上时,等效阻尼比大于-0.001。在弹条刚度低于12.5 kN/mm时,主导的不稳定振动频率约为512Hz。在刚度高于12.5kN/mm时,主导的不稳定振动频率为313Hz。弹条预紧力和弹条扣压点间距的变化并未导致系统等效阻尼比发生显著变化。结论不考虑弹条时预测波磨波长略大于考虑弹条时的波长,且不考虑弹条的影响时可能会高估波磨发生概率和发展速度;弹条刚度对地铁小半径曲线段频发的短波长波磨的影响显著,将弹条刚度增至15kN/mm及以上时,可以抑制钢轨波磨的产生;弹条预紧力和弹条扣压点间距对钢轨波磨的影响较小。Rail corrugation is periodic and non-uniform wear on the rail running surface along the longitudinal direction.It results in vibration and noise,component loosening,detachment and fatigue failure,posing a threat to operation safety and deteriorating the riding experience.It is an important way to solve corrugation by revealing the causes and affecting factors of rail corrugation to propose measures against rail corrugation at the source.The existing theories used to study the corrugation can be divided into two categories of feedback vibration and self-excited vibration.The unstable vibration of the wheel-rail system is accepted as main cause of the corrugation on minor diameter curved rails.However,the rail corrugation modeling established on the basis of friction-induced vibration theory hardly accounts for the fastener clip,which may affect the prediction results.The effect of the fastener clip on rail corrugation is not be considered by the traditional corrugation model.In order to investigate the matter of the rail corrugation on a curved rail through Cologne-egg fasteners supported,the frictional-induced vibration finite element model was established,and the stability of the wheel-rail system under saturated creep force was analyzed by complex eigenvalue analysis method.In the model,the Cologne-egg fasteners were simulated with two types of spring elements.The rubber pad of the fastener was simplified as 28 massless spring elements supported between the rail bottom and the slab.The fastener clips were simulated with 4 massless spring elements pressed against the rail foot.The effect of the corrugation modeling with and without the consideration of the fastener clip on the unstable vibration of the railway vehicle system was studied.The effect of the stiffness,the preload force and the spacing between the clamping dots of the fastener clip on the rail corrugation was investigated.The corrugation modeling with and without considering the fastener clip had an impact on the stability of the wheel-rail system.Th

关 键 词：轮轨系统 扣件系统 钢轨波磨 扣件弹条 不稳定振动 

分 类 号：TH117.1[机械工程—机械设计及理论]