中国县域义务教育师资非均衡困境与策略研究——基于扎根理论  

Study on the Dilemma of Imbalanced Teacher Resources and Strategies for Compulsory Education in Chinese Counties:Based on Grounded Theory Research

作　　者：贾东超 程程 JIA Dongchao;CHENG Cheng(Security Branch,Hebei University of Science and Technology,Shijiazhuang 050018,China;Department of Economics and Trade,Hebei Vocational University of Industry and Technology,Shijiazhuang 050091,China;Collage of Education,Hebei Normal University,Shijiazhuang 050024,China)

机构地区：[1]河北科技大学安全工作处,河北石家庄050018 [2]河北工业职业技术大学经济贸易系,河北石家庄050091 [3]河北师范大学教育学院,河北石家庄050024

出　　处：《河北科技大学学报(社会科学版)》2025年第1期47-54,共8页Journal of Hebei University of Science and Technology:Social Sciences

基　　金：河北省社会科学基金项目(HB23JY024)。

摘　　要：解决中国义务教育师资非均衡配置的现实困境对于推进县域义务教育优质均衡发展意义重大。运用扎根理论的研究方法,对236份政策、新闻、报告等文本资料进行编码,归纳出义务教育师资非均衡困境状态,建立中国义务教育师资非均衡现状理论模型,以宏观到中观再到微观的主线,依次聚焦于区域间、校际间和教师间3个维度的义务教育师资基本现状,进行师资配置的模型解释。从区域、校际和教师3个视角,通过政策差异、执行差异和最佳实践的具体案例来阐释模型中的信息发布者、信息接收者以及风险沟通保障机制之间的逻辑关系,提出师资非均衡困境解决策略。其中,区域间师资非均衡是在政策设计、资源配置等宏观层面导致出现非均衡困境的背景,校际间师资非均衡是在中观层面具体执行和操作过程中的具体表现和主要特征,教师间非均衡是在微观层面教师个体选择、流动动机以及心理状态变化的充分体现。Solving the practical dilemma of imbalanced allocation of teachers in China′s compulsory education is of great significance for promoting the high-quality and balanced development of compulsory education in counties.Using the grounded theory research method,236 textual materials such as policies,news,and reports were coded to summarize the dilemma of imbalanced teacher resources in compulsory educations.A theoretical model of the current situation of imbalanced teacher resources in compulsory education in China was established,focusing on the basic status quo of compulsory education teachers in three dimensions:inter regions,inter schools,and inter teachers,from macro to meso and micro perspectives.The model for teacher allocation was explained.From the perspectives of regions,schools,and teachers,specific cases of policy differences,execution differences,and best practices were used to explain the logical relationship between information publishers,information receivers,and risk communication protection mechanisms in the model.Strategies for solving the dilemma of imbalanced teacher resources were proposed.Among them,the imbalance of teachers between regions is the background that leads to the imbalance dilemma at the macro level such as policy design and resource allocation.The imbalance of teachers between schools is the specific manifestation and main feature at the meso level in the specific implementation and operation process.The imbalance of teachers is the full manifestation of individual teacher selection,flow motivation,and psychological state changes at the micro level.

关 键 词：中国县域 义务教育 师资非均衡 扎根理论 

分 类 号：G525.1[文化科学—教育学]