关于职业教育若干基本问题的再认识之二:职业教育高阶化的历史演进与动力因素分析  

Rethinking of Some Basic Problems of Vocational Education Ⅱ:The Historical Evolution and Dynamic Factors Analysis of Higher-order Vocational Education

作　　者：葛道凯 杜连森 Ge Daokai;Du Liansen

机构地区：[1]江苏省政协 [2]江苏省政协教卫体委员会 [3]教育现代化研究院 [4]江苏师范大学教育科学学院

出　　处：《中国职业技术教育》2025年第5期12-18,37,共8页Chinese Vocational and Technical Education

摘　　要：从主要发达国家的职业教育发展历程来看,职业教育高阶化是普遍规律。工业革命对大规模工业劳动力的需求促进了学校化职业教育的产生。国家之间的教育竞争,使各国政府更加重视职业教育的规范化,中等职业教育体系得以建立。第三次工业革命的发生进一步提升了对技术技能人才的能力素质要求,高等职业教育得到广泛发展。中华人民共和国成立后,在计划经济时期,我国发展了以中专教育和技工教育为主的中等职业教育体系。改革开放后,现代化建设事业对各类高层次专业人才的需求推动了高等职业教育的发展。21世纪以来,高等教育普及化和产业发展的转型升级促进了职业教育向本科阶段的延伸。职业教育高阶化具有深刻的动力因素,并主要体现在三个方面:一是技术进步对人才需求层次的提高,二是高等教育普及化推动学历普遍提升,三是教育平等主义对提升职业教育地位的诉求。From the perspective of the development process of vocational education in major developed countries,higher-order vocational education is a universal law.The Industrial Revolution’s demand for large-scale industrial labor has promoted the emergence of school-based vocational education.The education competition between countries has made governments pay more attention to the standardization of vocational education,and the secondary vocational education system has been established.The occurrence of the Third Industrial Revolution has further enhanced the requirements for the ability and quality of technical and skilled talents,and higher vocational education has been widely developed.After the founding of the People’s Republic of China,during the planned economy period,China developed a secondary vocational education system based on technical secondary school education and technical education.After the reform and opening up,the need for all kinds of high-level professionals in the cause of modernization has promoted the development of higher vocational education.Since the 21st century,the popularization of higher education and the transformation and upgrading of industrial development have promoted the extension of vocational education to the undergraduate stage.Higher vocational education has profound dynamic factors,which are mainly reflected in three aspects:first,the improvement of the level of talent demand by technological progress;second,the popularization of higher education to promote the general improvement of academic qualifications;third,the appeal of educational egalitarianism to enhance the status of vocational education.

关 键 词：职业教育 高阶化 工业革命 历史演进 高职本科 

分 类 号：G710[文化科学—职业技术教育学]