家庭资本能影响高等教育机会获得吗?——来自中国综合社会调查(CGSS)的相关证据  

On the Influence of Family Capital on the Access to Higher Education Opportunities——Evidence from the China General Social Survey(CGSS)

作　　者：胡德鑫 孙雨晗 Hu Dexin;Sun Yuhan

机构地区：[1]天津大学教育学院,天津300354

出　　处：《教育学术月刊》2025年第1期13-21,共9页Education Research Monthly

基　　金：天津市教委社科重大项目“研究生教育质量评价体系研究与实践”(编号:2020JWZD48)。

摘　　要：教育公平一直以来都是我国重点关注的问题,随着我国高等教育进入普及化阶段,各阶层不再止步于追求获得高等教育,更是对稀缺的优质高等教育资源进行竞争。在此背景下,基于中国综合社会调查(CGSS)2021年数据,采用有序Logistic模型探究家庭资本对个体高等教育机会获得数量与质量的影响以及高校扩招前后各类家庭资本对高等教育机会获得数量与质量影响程度的变化。研究结果显示:经济资本、文化资本、社会资本均对高等教育机会获得数量与质量有显著正向影响;扩招后社会资本对高等教育机会获得数量的影响程度加大,文化资本对高等教育机会获得数量和质量的影响程度均有所加大,且当前家庭资本主要影响高等教育机会获得质量方面;相较于其他资本类型,文化资本对高等教育机会获得数量与质量影响程度最大。基于此,提出要高度重视家庭资本差异导致的教育不公平问题,尤其要消弭文化资本在高等教育机会竞争中的不利影响。Educational equity has always been a key concern in China.As China enters the stage of mass higher education,all social classes are no longer merely seeking access to higher education,but increasingly competing for scarce,high-quality higher education resources.In this context,based on data from China General Social Survey(CGSS) 2021,this paper adopts an ordinal logistic model to explore the influence of family capital on the quantity and quality of individuals' access to higher education opportunities,and how the influence of various types of family capital has changed before and after the expansion of university enrollment.The results show that:economic capital,cultural capital,and social capital have significant and positive impacts on the quantity and quality of access to higher education;after the higher education expansion,the degree of influence of social capital on the quantity of access has increased,the degree of influence of cultural capital on both the quantity and quality of access has increased,and at present,family capital mainly influences the quality of access;compared with other capital types,cultural capital has the greatest impact on the quantity and quality of access.Based on these findings,this paper proposes paying great attention to the issue of educational inequity caused by differences in family capital,particularly the detrimental effects of cultural capital in the competition for higher education opportunities.

关 键 词：家庭资本 高等教育机会 教育公平 

分 类 号：G40-059.3[文化科学—教育学原理]