非法集资共同犯罪案件中退赔责任的划分  

On the Division of Compensation Liability in Joint Crime Cases of Illegal Fundraising

作　　者：李胥 LI Xu(College of Economics and Management,Beijing University of Technology,Beijing 100124,China)

机构地区：[1]北京工业大学经济与管理学院,北京100124

出　　处：《华南理工大学学报(社会科学版)》2025年第2期90-102,共13页Journal of South China University of Technology(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“刑事程序违法的实体性制裁研究”(17BFX182);北京市教育委员会科研计划社科一般项目“财产权保护视野下刑事替代物没收研究”(SM202310005010)。

摘　　要：在非法集资共同犯罪案件中,由于犯罪主体众多、成分复杂,如何对各犯罪人的退赔责任进行认定成为困扰司法实践的重要问题。对于非法集资共同犯罪案件中退赔责任的划分,我国学界存在连带退赔说、个别退赔说和混合说三种观点。作为一种违法所得处置措施,责令退赔具有不当得利返还的性质。非法集资共同犯罪案件中退赔责任的划分应当在符合责令退赔制度属性的基础上,兼顾诉讼效率和制度目的的充分实现。在对待共同犯罪案件替代物没收适用方式的问题上,美国逐渐发展出“支配控制标准”,以这一标准对共同犯罪案件中退赔责任进行认定没有脱离责令退赔的制度属性,且具有一定灵活性。我国可以“支配控制标准”为参考,在坚持个别退赔的基础上,以共犯对违法所得之物的实际控制权为标准,针对不同的案件情形中退赔责任的认定进行具体考量。In cases of joint crimes involving illegal fundraising,the determination of restitution responsibilities for each offender becomes a significant challenge in judicial practice due to the large number of offenders and the complexity of their roles.In the context of joint crimes involving illegal fundraising,there are three perspectives on the division of restitution responsibilities in China:joint restitution,individual restitution,and a mixed approach.As a measure for disposing of illegal gains,an order to make restitution has the nature of returning unjust enrichment.The division of restitution responsibilities in joint crimes involving illegal fundraising should align with the inherent attributes of the restitution order system while also balancing litigation efficiency and the full realization of the system's objectives.In dealing with the application of substitute asset forfeiture in joint criminal cases,the United States has gradually evolved a“dominance and control standard”.Using this standard to determine restitution responsibilities in joint crime cases remains consistent with the inherent attributes of the restitution order system and offers a degree of flexibility.China can take the“dominance and control standard”as a reference,maintaining the principle of individual restitution while taking the actual control exercised by co-offenders over the illegal gains as the basis.Specific considerations can then be made for the determination of restitution responsibilities in different case scenarios.

关 键 词：非法集资 共同犯罪 责令退赔 连带责任 支配控制标准 

分 类 号：D924.3[政治法律—刑法学]