西方职业教育社会认同的发展历程、演进逻辑及启示——基于西方主流职业教育思潮的分析  

The Development Process,Evolution Logic and Implications of Social Recognition of Vocational Education in the West--Based on the Analysis of Western Mainstream Vocational Education Trends

作　　者：靳小玲 南海[3] JIN Xiaoling;NAN Hai(Faculty of Education,Yunnan Normal University,Kunming Yunnan 650500;Faculty of Education,Tangshan Normal University,Tangshan Hebei 063000;Faculty of Vocational Teacher Education,Chongqing Normal University,Chongqing 401331,China)

机构地区：[1]云南师范大学教育学部,云南昆明650500 [2]唐山师范学院教育学院,河北唐山063000 [3]重庆师范大学职教师资学院,重庆401331

出　　处：《重庆电子工程职业学院学报》2025年第1期32-41,共10页Journal of Chongqing College of Electronic Engineering

基　　金：国家社会科学基金“十四五”规划2022年度教育学重点课题“国际比较视野下职业教育社会认同的提升策略研究”(项目编号:AJA220023)的研究成果之一。

摘　　要：我国职业教育社会认同亟待提升。通过梳理西方主流职业教育思潮发现,西方职业教育社会认同主要经历了在学校场域中擘画存在认同(19世纪末至20世纪50-60年代),在社会视野中凸显类别认同(20世纪60-70年代),基于“人”的视角提升价值认同(20世纪70年代至今)三个阶段。在这一进程中体现出的演进逻辑是,文化认同从劳动精神到创新精神,身份认同从教育导向到职业导向,效能认同从社会本位到人本位,制度认同从单一学校形态到多元化发展。结合我国实际,提升职业教育社会认同要在凸显类别认同的基础上持续提升职业教育价值认同,要注重培养人才的创新精神和能力,要平衡好“教育”与“职业”、“社会本位”与“人本位”的关系,要坚持职业教育体制机制建设的多元化和灵活性,同时还要认识到维护和提升职业教育社会认同是一项长期且艰巨的任务。The social recognition of vocational education in China needs to be improved urgently.By examining Western mainstream vocational education trends,it is found that the social recognition of vocational education in the West has mainly gone through three stages:establishing existence recognition within the school environment(the end of 19th century-1950 s and 1960 s),highlighting category recognition in societal perspective(during the 1960 s and 1970 s),enhancing value recognitions from a human-centered viewpoint(from 1970s to present).This evolution demonstrates a progression where the cultural recognition shifts from the labor spirit to the innovation spirit,the identity recognition transitions from education-oriented to career-oriented,the efficacy recognition moves from society-centric to human-centric and the institutional recognition evolves from a single school form to the diversified development.Combining with the reality of our country,we should focus on the continuously enhancing of the value recognition while emphasizing the cultivation of innovative spirit and abilities to improve the social recognition of vocational education,balance the relationship between“education”and“career”,“society-centric”perspectives and“human-centric”perspectives,maintain the diversity and flexibility of vocational education systems and recognize that maintaining and enhancing the social recognition of vocational education is a long-term and challenging task.

关 键 词：职业教育 社会认同 演进逻辑 思潮 

分 类 号：G710[文化科学—职业技术教育学]