基于规则还是自由发挥?探索自主游戏改革背景下幼儿园教师的游戏观  

Rule Based or Free Flowing?Exploring Kindergarten Teachers’Views of Play in the Context of Autonomous Game Reform

作　　者：胡南 李悦心 HU Nan;LI Yuexin(Faculty of Education,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200062 China;Faculty of Education,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875 China)

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学教育学部,上海200062 [2]北京师范大学教育学部,北京100875

出　　处：《学前教育研究》2025年第3期27-38,共12页Studies in Early Childhood Education

基　　金：2023年奕阳教育研究院青年学者研究项目“基于规则还是自由发挥?自主游戏改革背景下辽宁省幼儿教师的看法:解释性现象学研究”(项目编号:SEI-QXZ-2023-17)。

摘　　要：自主游戏作为学前教育改革的核心议题,目前对其内涵的讨论集中在教师作为游戏规则的设定者而限制儿童自由的批判上。然而,被冠以这种名义的教师在实际自主游戏实践中如何理解自由与规则之间关系的探讨却较为欠缺。本研究采用质性方法探讨这一问题,发现文化规则和互动规则会阻碍儿童的自由,从而窄化了儿童可获取经验的范围;相反,形式规则和心理规则有助于促进儿童的自由实践,并赋予其面向高层次经验的价值。此外,教师并非上述规则的设立者而是协调者,以破除障碍或促进实践。本研究的理论启示在于重构自主游戏中自由的内涵,将其拓展成通过教师协调规则来引领儿童追求更高阶经验的实践模式;实践的启示在于呼吁自主游戏的评估应基于高阶经验的追踪和规则价值的肯定,以推进未来自主游戏的有效改革,促进高质量学前教育的发展。Discussions of the connotations of autonomous game as a central topic of early childhood education reform are currently centered on the critique of the teacher as the rule-setter of the game who restricts children’s freedom.However,how teachers who are labelled as such view the relationship between freedom and rules in autonomous play practices is less explored.Using a qualitative approach to explore this issue,this study found that cultural and interactional rules can obstruct children’s freedom,thereby narrowing the range of experiences available to them;in contrast,formal and mental rules help to facilitate children’s free practice and give it a value orientated towards higher-level experiences.In addition,teachers are not the setters but the coordinators of the aforementioned rules to break down obstacles or facilitate practice.The theoretical implication of this study is to reconstruct the meaning of freedom in autonomous game and expand it into a practice model that leads children to pursue higher-level experiences through the teacher’s coordination of rules;the practical implication is to call for the assessment of autonomous game to be based on the tracking of higher-level experiences and the affirmation of the rules’value,in order to advance the effective reform of future autonomous game and promote the development of high-quality early childhood education.

关 键 词：自主游戏 自由 规则 学前教育 幼儿园教师 

分 类 号：G63[文化科学—教育学]