国际中文教材词汇复杂度的增长模式研究  

A study on the growth patterns of lexical complexity in international Chinese language textbooks

作　　者：黄伟[1] 沈梦菲 HUANG Wei;SHEN Mengfei

机构地区：[1]北京语言大学国际中文教育研究院/计量语言学研究中心,100083 [2]北京语言大学语言科学与资源学院,100083

出　　处：《语言教学与研究》2025年第2期1-13,共13页Language Teaching and Linguistic Studies

基　　金：国家语委“十四五”科研规划2024年度部级一般项目(YB145-127)资助。

摘　　要：为了适应学生逐渐发展的语言知识和能力,国际中文教材的内容难度通常遵循“循序渐进”的原则。但目前聚焦于教材课文难度增长的实证研究较为有限。本研究将文本复杂度的理念与方法应用于教材研究,尤其关注词汇维度。具体以《HSK标准教程》为例,探究教材中词汇复杂度的增长过程,及其与学习者词汇能力发展规律的适配情况。研究发现,词汇多样性、构成度、复杂性与密度在课本间存在显著差异,呈三种非线性模式增长。基于词汇复杂度的层次聚类结果与课本的等级设置基本相符,但存在偏差。以上结果揭示了课文在词汇维度“循序渐进”方面的复杂表现,这一增长模式大致符合学习者词汇能力的非线性发展规律。本研究反映了将计量分析方法应用于教材研究的必要性与可行性。International Chinese language textbooks are expected to follow the principle of‘progressive advancement'in difficulty to align with students'growing language knowledge and abilities.However,there is a lack of empirical research examining the increase of textbook difficulty.Given this,the current study applies the concepts and methods of text complexity to textbook research,with a particular emphasis on the lexical aspect.Using the HSK Standard Course as a case study,the research investigates the growth patterns of lexical complexity across textbook volumes and evaluates their alignment with learners'vocabulary development patterns.The findings reveal significant differences in lexical diversity,compositionality,sophistication,and density among volumes,identifying three types of non-linear growth patterns.The results of hierarchical clustering based on lexical complexity largely correspond with the established textbook levels,although some discrepancies are noted.In summary,this study illustrates the intricate nature of incremental growth in lexical complexity,which generally aligns with the patterns of learners'vocabulary competence,and underscores the feasibility and necessity of employing quantitative methods in the research of international Chinese language textbooks.

关 键 词：教材难度 教材词汇 词汇复杂度 词汇多样性 二语发展 

分 类 号：H195.4[语言文字—汉语]