连作对青稞籽粒淀粉特性及干物质转运的影响  

Effect of Continuous Cropping on Starch Characteristics and Dry Matter Transport in Highland Barley Grains

作　　者：赵媛[1,2] 李宏英 陈加利 李霞 姚有华 ZHAO Yuan;LI Hongying;CHEN Jiali;LI Xia;YAO Youhua(Qinghai University,Xining 810016,China;College of Ecol-Environmental Engineering,Qinghai University,Xining 810016,China;Academy of Agriculture and Forestry,Qinghai University,Qinghai Key Laboratory of Genetic Breeding of Highland Barley/Qinghai Highland Barley Sub-center of National Wheat Improvement Center,Laboratory for Research and Utilization of Qinghai Tibet Plateau Germplasm Resources,Xining 810016,China)

机构地区：[1]青海大学,西宁810016 [2]青海大学生态环境工程学院,西宁810016 [3]青海大学农林科学院/青海省农林科学院/青海省青稞遗传育种重点实验室/国家麦类改良中心青海青稞分中心/青藏高原种质资源研究与利用实验室,西宁810016

出　　处：《西北农业学报》2025年第3期423-432,共10页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(32460474);国家大麦青稞产业技术体系(CARS-05-01A-05)。

摘　　要：选取连作2 a(CCY02)、连作5 a(CCY05)和连作10 a(CCY10)地块,种植主栽青稞品种‘昆仑14’,分析不同连作年限的青稞籽粒淀粉特性及干物质转运变化。结果表明,与连作2 a相比,连作5 a与连作10 a青稞籽粒总淀粉、直链淀粉及支链淀粉含量均显著降低,且对支链淀粉的影响更大;连作造成青稞籽粒淀粉合成关键酶活性显著降低,连作10 a的青稞籽粒淀粉束缚态淀粉合成酶(GBSS)、可溶性淀粉合成酶(SSS)、淀粉分支酶(SBE)和腺苷二磷酸葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶(AGPP)的活性较连作2 a依次降低30.03%、27.10%、15.21%和44.52%;连作栽培抑制了青稞开花期到成熟期干物质的积累,与连作2 a相比,在开花期、灌浆期与成熟期,连作5 a与连作10 a青稞干物质积累量分别下降6.39%和18.98%、5.06%和11.22%、5.99%和14.15%,而且长期连作降低干物质向叶片、籽粒的运输,且对叶片的影响最显著;连作造成青稞千粒质量、穗粒数、主穗长、主穗小穗数、单株穗粒质量及产量的显著降低。说明,长期连作会显著降低青稞籽粒淀粉含量及淀粉合成关键酶活性,阻碍籽粒淀粉的合成能力,并且抑制青稞生长后期的干物质积累量,改变青稞花前及花后干物质的再分配,使青稞营养器官花前干物质转运被抑制,导致青稞产量及构成因素显著下降。In this study,barley plants of 2 years(CCY02),5 years(CCY05),and 10 years(CCY10)of continuous cropping were selected as research subjects to investigate the starch characteristics and changes in dry matter transport in barley grains under different continuous cropping conditions.The results indicated that the levels of total starch,amylose,and amylopectin in the barley grains from fields continuously cropped for 5 years and 10 years significantly decreased compared to those from fields continuously cropped for 2 years,with the most significant effect observed on amylopectin.The activities of GBSS,SSS,SBE and AGPP were decreased by 30.03%,27.10%,15.21%and 44.52%respectively,after 10 years of continuous cropping compared to 2 years of continuous cropping.Continuous cultivation inhibited dry matter accumulation in highland barley from flowering to maturity.Compared to 2 years of continuous cropping,dry matter accumulation in highland barley decreased by 6.39%and 18.98%after 5 years and 10 years,respectively.Specifically,at the flowering,filling,and maturity stages,the reductions were 5.06%and 11.22%,and 5.99%and 14.15%,respectively.Moreover,long-term continuous cropping inhibited the transport of dry matter to leaves and grains,and had the most significant effect on leaves.The 1000-grain mass,grain number per spike,main spike length,main spike spikelet number,grain mass per spike and yield of highland barley decreased significantly after continuous cropping.The results indicated that continuous cultivation can significantly reduce the starch content and key enzyme activities of starch synthesis in highland barley,hinder the synthesis ability of starch in highland barley,inhibit the accumulation of dry matter in the later growth period of highland barley,change the redistribution of dry matter before and after flowering of highland barley,and inhibit the dry matter transport of nutrient organs before flowering of highland barley,leading to the yield and composition factors of highland barley.

关 键 词：青稞 连作 淀粉含量 淀粉酶活性 干物质 

分 类 号：S51[农业科学—作物学]