实学视域下颜元劳动教育思想发微  

On Labor Education of Yan Yuan from the Perspective of Pursuing Practical Knowledge

作　　者：许宁[1] Xu Ning

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学哲学学院、张载关学与传统文化研究基地,陕西西安710119

出　　处：《中原文化研究》2025年第2期34-41,共8页The Central Plains Culture Research

基　　金：陕西省教育科学“十四五”规划2022年度一般课题“实学视域下劳动教育思想研究”(SGH22Y1273)。

摘　　要：“劳动教育”强调在劳动中教育,在教育中劳动。明清实学蕴含着高扬劳动精神和工具理性的教育思想。其一,明清之际实学思想家颜元批判理学家的“天理”本体论和二重人性论,提倡“元气本体论”和“气质之性”,体现了“实体达用”的劳动教育宗旨;其二,他主张学习“事物”之学,重视实文、实行、实体、实用,贯彻“宁粗而实,勿妄而虚”的教学原则,彰显了“崇实黜虚”的劳动教育价值;其三,他批评朱学之“知先行后”和王学之“知行不分”的观点,反对将知行作道德化的解读,强调寓知于行,见理于事,文武兼备,在耕读习行中获得和检验知识,阐明了“肯做工夫”的劳动教育形式;其四,他致力于培养“有用之儒”的劳动教育人格,呼唤经世致用的当代豪杰,从而重塑了明清实学的人格典范;其五,他区分了实学基于人伦日用、习行健动的“孔颜乐处”与宋儒逃世脱俗、安于禅悦的“孔颜乐处”的差异,深刻诠释了儒家“以苦为乐”的劳动教育精神。Labor education emphasizes the integration of labor within education and the educational value of labor itself.The concept of pursuing practical knowledge in Ming and Qing dynasties contains the educational thought of promoting labor spirit and instrumental rationality.Firstly,Yan Yuan,a practical thinker during the Ming and Qing dynasties,criticized Neo-Confucianism’s“natural law”ontology and dual human nature theory.He advocated for“Yuanqi ontology”and“temperament nature”,reflecting the labor education purpose of“entity achieving usefulness”.Secondly,he advocated learning the study of“things”,attaching importance to practicality in text,practice,entity and needs.He supported the teaching principle of“favoring the rough and solid over the arrogant and empty”,which demonstrated the value of labor education of“advocating reality and removing emptiness”.Thirdly,he criticized Zhu ZhuXi’s view that“knowledge-learning comes before action”and Wang Yangming’s view of“there is no distinction between knowledge and action”.He opposed the moralistic interpretation of knowledge and action,emphasized that knowledge should be manifested in practice,reason must be discerned in tangible matters,and proficient in both literary and martial arts.He advocated for an education shaped by“willingness to work”,grounded in practical experiences such as farming and reading.Fourthly,he devoted himself to cultivating the labor education personality of“useful Confucianism”,calling for the contemporary heroes who actively engage in the world,thus reshaping the personality model of practical learning in the Ming and Qing dynasties.Finally,he distinguished the difference between“the happiness of Confucius and Yan Hui”of practical learning,which is based on human relations and daily practice,and“the happiness of Confucius and Yan Hui”of Song Confucianism,which tends toward detachment and contentment with Zen pleasures.He profoundly annotates the Confucian labor education spirit of“takin

关 键 词：颜元 实学 劳动教育 

分 类 号：B249.5[哲学宗教—中国哲学]