论培根对古代智慧的扬弃  

On Bacon's criticism and inheritance of ancient wisdom

作　　者：程志敏 CHENG Zhimin(School of Humanities,Hainan University,Haikou 570228,China)

机构地区：[1]海南大学人文学院,海南海口570228

出　　处：《佛山科学技术学院学报(社会科学版)》2025年第2期1-8,70,共9页Journal of Foshan University(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：教育部后期资助重大项目(24JHQ004);海南省马克思主义理论研究和建设工程专项课题(2024HNMGC02)。

摘　　要：作为现代科学的吹鼓手,培根在历史观上持一种独特的“河流”理论,它否定古人在智识上拥有绝对的权威,也批判那些将古代智慧视为唯一真理的现代人,这种看似极端的观点让许多学者将培根定性为单纯的“反古”派或“崇今”派。然而,深入考察培根所处历史情境及其文本语境后,所揭示的图景是培根对历史权威的破除并不是要证明现代人比古人优越,而是力图使现代人彻底脱离古人空疏高蹈的思辨,不再盲目信仰被后人神化的古代偶像。在培根看来,判断卓越与低劣的标准并非历史的古老或年轻,而是能否亲近自然和事物本身,因为只有“自然之光”才能带领我们在新世界中站稳脚跟。As a buccinator of modern science,Francis Bacon held a unique“River”theory in his view of history,which denied the absolute authority of the ancients in intellectual knowledge,and criticized those moderns who regarded ancient wisdom as the sole truth.This seemingly extreme view led many scholars to define Bacon as a mere“anti-ancient”or“radical modern”.However,after in-depth investigation of Bacon's historical situation and his thought between the lines,we find that Bacon's destruction of historical authority is not meant to prove that modern people were superior to the ancients,but to make modern people completely detach himself from the empty and lofty speculation of the ancients,and no longer have blind faith in the ancient idols that have been deified by later generations.In Bacon's view,the criterion for judging excellence and inferiority is not the antiquity or modernity of history,but the ability to get close to nature and the things themselves,because only the“light of nature”can lead us to stand firm in the new world.

关 键 词：培根 历史观 古今之争 革新 

分 类 号：B561.21[哲学宗教—外国哲学]