数字技术能够降低性别就业差距吗?——基于就业时间和就业模式双重视角的考察  

Can Digital Technology Reduce the Gender Employment Gap?--An Examination Based on the Dual Perspectives of Employment Time and Employment Patterns

作　　者：吴晶[1] 周彩 WU Jing;ZHOU Cai(School of Economics and Management,Jiangxi Normal University,Nanchang 330022,China;School of Public Finance and Taxation,Shandong University of Finance and Economics,Jinan 250014,China)

机构地区：[1]江西师范大学经济与管理学院,江西南昌330022 [2]山东财经大学财政税务学院,山东济南250014

出　　处：《人口与发展》2025年第2期127-139,共13页Population and Development

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“推进以农业转移人口市民化为首要任务的新型城镇化研究”(21ZDA068);国家社科基金重点项目“户籍制度城乡双向改革与新型城镇化研究”(20AJL012);江西省社会科学“十四五”基金青年项目“数字技术对低学历劳动者技能匹配的影响与对策研究”(24SH08)。

摘　　要：数字技术对劳动力市场产生深远影响,那么数字技术是否能够降低性别就业差距。利用2014—2020年中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)数据,基于就业时间和就业模式的双重视角,实证考察了数字技术对性别就业差距的影响。研究发现:对于性别就业差距的两个重要维度——性别就业时间差距和性别正规就业差距,数字技术产生的影响并不一致。数字技术能够降低性别就业时间差距,但是没能缩小性别正规就业差距。机制分析表明:其一,数字技术通过减少女性的家务劳动时间和改善女性的性别角色观念而降低就业时间的性别差距;其二,性别就业歧视和传统儒家文化导致数字技术没能降低正规就业的性别差距。因此,在推进数字基础设施建设升级、提高数字技术可及性的同时,应减轻女性家庭照料负担、改善传统性别角色观念,并建立健全保护女性就业相关的法律法规、提高居民文化素养,最大限度发挥数字技术缩小性别就业差距的积极影响。Digital technology has a profound impact on the labor market.Can digital technology reduce the gender employment gap?Using data from the 2014—2020 China Family Panel Studies(CFPS),the study empirically examines the impact of digital technology on the gender employment gap from the dual perspectives of employment time and employment patterns.The study finds that the impact of digital technology on two important dimensions of the gender employment gap—the gender employment time gap and the gender formal employment gap—is inconsistent:digital technology is able to reduce the gender employment time gap,but fails to narrow the gender formal employment gap.Mechanism analysis suggests that,first,digital technology reduces the gender gap in employment time by improving women′s gender role perceptions and reducing women′s time spent on household chores;and second,gender employment discrimination and traditional Confucian culture lead to the failure of digital technology to reduce the gender gap in formal employment.Therefore,while advancing digital infrastructure and accessibility,efforts should be made to ease women′s caregiving burden,reshape traditional gender role perceptions,and strengthen legal protections for women′s employment to maximize the positive impact of digital technology on reducing the gender employment gap.

关 键 词：数字技术 工作时间 正规就业 性别差距 

分 类 号：C913.2[经济管理]