庄子“学游”思想与人工智能时代的教育  

Zhuangzi's Idea of“Learning to Swim”and Education in the Era of Artificial Intelligence

作　　者：许可峰 XU Ke-feng

机构地区：[1]西北师范大学教育科学学院

出　　处：《北京社会科学》2025年第3期91-102,共12页Social Sciences of Beijing

基　　金：国家社会科学基金后期资助重点项目(21FJKA002)——庄子教育哲学研究。

摘　　要：人工智能为实现生命自在与精神自由提供了空前机遇,但是也带来了就业替代焦虑,以及人工智能教育中如何体现人的生命与实践,避免智能机器代替人的具身认知、情感体验与精神活动等问题。庄子“学游”思想旨在培养达于生命自在和精神自由的身心能力,体现了庄子教育思想的生命自觉和审美化追求。“逍遥”二字本意为“消摇”,体现了“物我一体”的主体意识和“道枢环中”的知识建构观。人工智能时代的教育应借鉴庄子“形神俱游”的教育目的观,促进学生身心的全面自由发展,引导学生形成乐观积极的人生态度,培养人机偕游的共生能力,以及以具身实践参与社会共识数字化建构的创新能力。人工智能素养教育应尽量渗透在日常的教学活动中,避免过度渲染人工智能技术的工作替代危机,或以培养人工智能素养的名义不断增加学生负担。Artificial intelligence offers unprecedented historical opportunities to achieve freedom of life and spiritual freedom,but it brings challenges such as how to address anxiety over job replacement and how to ensure that in the education of artificial intelligence,the life and practice of humans are reflected,preventing intelligent machines from replacing human embodied cognition,emotional experiences,and spiritual activities.Zhuangzi's thought of“learning to swim”aims to cultivate the physical and mental ability to achieve life freedom and spiritual freedom,and embodies the life consciousness and aesthetic pursuit of Zhuangzi's educational thought.The original meaning of the word“Xiaoyao”is“reduce and shake”,which reflects the subject consciousness of“things and I are integrated”and the knowledge construction view of“The hub of the Tao and the middle of the ring”.In the era of artificial intelligence,education should draw on Zhuangzi's educational philosophy of“harmonious development of body and spirit”,promoting the comprehensive and free growth of students body and mind.It should guide students to form an optimistic and proactive attitude towards life and cultivate the ability for symbiosis with machines,as well as the innovative capacity to participate in the digital construction of social consensus through embodied practice.Artificial intelligence literacy education should be integrated into daily teaching activities as much as possible,avoiding overemphasizing the job replacement crisis of artificial intelligence technology,and should not increase the burden on students under the guise of cultivating artificial intelligence literacy.

关 键 词：庄子 教育思想 人工智能教育 教育减负 

分 类 号：G434[文化科学—教育学] G40-09[文化科学—教育技术学]