与韩语核心词表相关的汉源语素与汉源词——兼论词汇“首因效应”在借贷中的作用  

Sino-Korean Morphemes and Lexical Items Derived from Chinese in Korean Core Words:Exploring the Impact of the Primacy Effect in Lexical Borrowing

作　　者：吴君如 柳志惠 WU Junru;LIU YU Ji-Hye

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学中国语言文学系语言认知与演化实验室,上海200241 [2]华东师范大学中国语言文学系,上海200241

出　　处：《语言学论丛》2025年第1期105-117,共13页Essays on Linguistics

基　　金：上海市哲学社会科学规划一般课题“普通话—上海话双语词汇语音接触心理机制实验研究”(2017BYY001)的资助。

摘　　要：本研究基于笔者自行建立的一个大规模韩语常用汉源词汇表,对与斯瓦迪士核心词表条目相关联的汉源语素和几类汉源词进行了统计,并结合上述汉源语素在韩语常用汉源词汇表中的构词数据及其在现代汉语中的独立运用能力(成词性)进行了统计检验,考察了影响汉源语素及汉源词进入韩语的几个备选因素和备选机制。研究提出并论证了核心词借贷的“首因效应”,认为韩语本族固有词条历史上已经先行占据了表示核心概念的位置,从而阻碍了相应的汉源核心词进入韩语。与核心词条的情况不同,表示非核心概念的汉源合成词较少受到“首因效应”的影响,可以不断引入韩语,因此大量与核心词表条目相关联的汉源语素也随之不断被引入韩语,并且其中大部分已在长期使用中获得了韩语构词能产性。与韩语核心词条相关联的汉源语素远多于直接表示核心概念的汉源词,这个研究发现可以由“首因效应”得到解释。Based on a large,self-constructed list of commonly used Korean words with Chinese origins(Korean-Chinese word list),a statistical analysis was carried out on Chinese-originated Korean morphemes and words associated with the entries of the Swadesh word list.The Chinese-originated morphemes were also marked with the Korean word-formation data extracted from the Korean-Chinese word list,as well as their ability to function as stand-alone words in Standard Modern Chinese(Putonghua)for statistical testing.Accordingly,we investigated several candidate mechanisms and factors that may influence the introduction of Chinese-originated words and morphemes into Korean.The findings support the theory of the Lexical Primacy Effect in core-word borrowing:Korean native core words historically occupy the primacy positions for representing their corresponding core concepts,inhibiting the introduction of alternative Chinese-originated core words.Unlike Chinese-originated core words,other Chinese-originated compound words,which relate to non-core concepts,can be continually introduced into Korean,as they are less af fected by the Primacy Effects.Through this process,Chinese-originated morphemes linked to core concepts have been consistently allowed into Korean,having acquired productivity in Korean word formation over time.Our finding that the Korean core word list includes significantly more Chinese-originated morphemes than Chinese-originated core words can be explained by the theory of Lexical Primacy Effect.

关 键 词：语言接触 核心词 词阶 语素 词汇竞争 

分 类 号：H55[语言文字] H13