从普遍语用学看中国古代诗词之圆美  

Roundness and Beauty of Ancient Chinese Poetry from the Perspective of Universal Pragmatics

作　　者：张再林 Zhang Zailin

机构地区：[1]西北工业大学马克思主义学院 [2]西安交通大学

出　　处：《江苏行政学院学报》2025年第1期55-62,共8页The Journal of Jiangsu Administration Institute

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“近现代中国价值观念史”(18ZDA020)。

摘　　要：从语言学上讲,中国古代诗歌和语用学有着不解之缘。这一点不仅表现在古代诗歌从语用学的语言“语境”走向诗歌的“情境”上,还以一种更为完整、更为全面的方式,表现在其与哈贝马斯“普遍语用学”三个维度严格的重合上。认识到这一点,除了有助于我们把握古代诗歌增进社会“理解”的性质,同时也使中国古老的“诗教”政治之旨从中彰显,易言之,“诗教”与其说关乎“温柔敦厚”的人性教化,不如说旨在使一种“交往型”的而非“权力型”的“政治美学化”的社会得以真正实现。如果说这种“政治美学化”在当代西方哲学家眼中仅仅流于一种理想的“乌托邦”的话,那么,在中国唐代社会,古人通过“以诗取士”,早已将之兑现为可以躬行的社会现实,并由此使自己阔步走向了彪炳千秋的大唐盛世。From the perspective of linguistics,ancient Chinese poetry and pragmatics have an indissoluble relationship.This is not only manifested in the fact that ancient poetry has moved from the linguistic“context”of pragmatics to the“context”of poetry,but also in a more complete and comprehensive way,which strictly overlaps with the three dimensions of Habermas's“universal pragmatics”.Recognizing this will not only help us grasp the nature of ancient poetry to enhance social“understanding”,but also enable the purpose of the ancient Chinese politics of“poetic education”to manifest from the process,in other words,“poetic education”is not so much about the“gentle and generous”human nature as it is aimed at making a“social”rather than“power-based”“political aesthetic”society truly realized.We have seen that if this kind of“political aestheticization”is only an ideal“utopia”in the eyes of contemporary Western philosophers,then in China's Tang Dynasty,the ancients had already realized it into a social reality that could be practiced through“assessing scholarly officials against poetic achievements”,and thus empowered themselves to stride towards the prosperous era of the Tang Dynasty.

关 键 词：普遍语用学 中国古代诗词 唐代以诗取士 政治美学化 

分 类 号：B83[哲学宗教—美学]