华夷之辨·华夷之辩·华夷之变——关于中华民族形成的再思考  

The Distinction,Debate and Transformation of Hua and Yi——A Reconsideration of the Formation of the Chinese Nation

作　　者：李玉君[1] Li Yujun(School of History and Culture,Liaoning Normal University,Dalian 116081)

机构地区：[1]辽宁师范大学历史文化学院,辽宁大连116081

出　　处：《华中师范大学学报(人文社会科学版)》2025年第2期139-149,共11页Journal of Central China Normal University:Humanities and Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“中国古代北方游牧民族与中原农耕民族交融史研究”(17ZDA177)。

摘　　要：在中华民族共同体意识形成的历史进程中,“华夷之辨”观念起到了极其重要的促进作用。儒家经典学说中的华夷之辨内涵非常清晰,即“文(明)野(蛮)之辨”——崇尚、保护和发展文明,贬斥、抵制和改变野蛮。由于民族交融的长期性与复杂性,不同历史时期的统治者和儒士们基于各自的政治立场,对华夷之辨的发挥也是众说纷纭。这就导致后世对华夷之辨的评价存在分歧甚至截然对立。本文意在正本清源,通过分析儒家学说的真正内涵(华夷之“辨”)、不同政治立场下对华夷之辨的阐发和实践(华夷之“辩”)、华夷之辨观念主导下的深入民族交融(华夷之“变”),致力于澄清华夷之辨有多个标准,华夷之辨弊大于利,华夷之辨曾被淡化或消弭等种种误解。只有充分了解华夷之辨观念崇尚文明、包容开放的精神内核以及儒家知识分子对“大一统”理想的孜孜以求,才能深刻理解中华民族和统一多民族中国何以能够形成。In the historical process of the formation of Chinese national consciousness,the concept of“the distinction between Hua and Yi”played an extremely important role in promoting this development.The connotation of the distinction between Hua and Yi in Confucian classical doctrine is very clear,namely,the“distinction between civilization and barbarism”——advocating,protecting,and developing civilization,while denouncing,resisting,and transforming barbarism.Due to the long-term and complex nature of ethnic integration,rulers and Confucian scholars in different historical periods,had diverse interpretations of the distinction between Hua and Yi from their respective political stances.This has led to divergent,or even diametrically opposed evaluations of the distinction between Hua and Yi in later generations.This paper aims to clarify the origins by analyzing the true meaning of Confucian doctrine(the“distinction”between Hua and Yi),the interpretations and practices of the distinction between Hua and Yi under different political stances(the“debate”on Hua and Yi),and the deep ethnic integration under the guidance of the distinction between Hua and Yi(the“transformation”of Hua and Yi).It seeks to clarify various misunderstandings about the distinction between Hua and Yi,such as that there were multiple standards for the distinction between Hua and Yi,that its disadvantages outweighed its advantages,and that the distinction was once diluted or eradicated.Only by fully understanding the core of the distinction between Hua and Yi—the advocacy of civilization and embrace of openness—as well as the Confucian intellectuals relentless pursuit of the ideal of“great unity”,can we deeply comprehend how the Chinese nation and a unified multi-ethnic China came into being.

关 键 词：华夷之辨 中华民族 共同体意识 民族交融 

分 类 号：G63[文化科学—教育学]